Strategic Information System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Strategic Information System - Essay Example y, the information system is used as an academic sort of study of the systems usually with some particular reference to information and complementary networks of software and hardware that organizations and the people use in collecting, creating, filtering, processing and distributing data. Any the information system normally aims at supporting the operations, decision-making and the management (Haav, 2009). The strategic systems usually are computer systems that normally implement the business strategies. They include the systems where the information service resources that are applied to the strategic business opportunities in a manner that the computer systems have a great impact on the organizations products as well as the business operations (Ulrich, 2010). The strategic information systems mostly are those that are developed in response to the corporate opportunities and the initiatives. The central idea usually comes from the business operational people and the information services that supply the technological abilities and the capabilities in realizing profitable results. Zara, one among the world’s largest companies of fashion had a simple and a unique type of focus in linking the customers demand to the manufacturing and consequently linked the manufacturing to the distribution. Their major issue has been related to the current information technology kind of platform that they use in operating their chain in the retail stores (Quintela VarajaÃŒÆ'o, 2010). The business model could be split into three main components which are; capabilities, concept and the value drivers. The most fundamental concept has been maintaining the production, the distribution and the design that eventually would enable the organization to be able to respond quickly to the shifts in the customer demands. The value drivers for the organization conclusively are tangible and intangible as well in the benefits that are usually brought back to the stakeholders (Barzdin, 2011).

Blog Post for Publishing Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Blog Post for Publishing - Article Example China deems to reunite with Taiwan, as Canada wishes Quebec remains intact in the Canadian territory. Between Canada and China however, what is different is the approach that each country is using to achieve the goal of reunification. Most aspects of the differences in approach are seen from a bilingualism and multiculturalism perspective. From the position of China, there is much absence of support for reunification with Taiwan. This notwithstanding, China wants to make the reunification happen. In the light of this, China’s approach is seen by many as a mere invasion of Taiwan. As support for reunification continues to decline and the PRC moves to reclaim Taiwan, Taiwan looks to the US for protection against an invasion by the PRC. The US continues its arms sales to Taiwan as a deterrent to force China to come to a peaceful resolution with Taiwan. Canada’s approach is quite different and so nothing like invasion is suspected. In the context of Quebec’s secession, much of the issue that Canada is troubled with deals with identity, language and culture. While China remains threatened by the US militarily, Canada is threatened in terms of identity, language and culture. This is because should Quebec secede, there is the threat that part of Anglophone Canada may choose to unite with the US as well. Once this happens, the national identity of the people of Quebec will be totally deferred from Canada to America. The French section of Canada will also be excessively strengthened as against the English. What is more, there will be a cultural diversion towards America. From this sense, there is something that Canada can also learn from China when it comes to the defense of its cultural heritage. In the case of China, the country sees the dominance of its cultural heritage within the Asian block as an important determining factor in gaining worldwide recognition in the new world order. It is for this that China wants the numbers from Taiwan

University of Dallas Education Essay Example for Free

University of Dallas Education Essay In attending the University of Dallas, I expect to broaden my views in the understanding that I currently have of my community and the world I live in. In obtaining an education at this University, I am opening my mind to gain an understanding to all that there is here to take in and understand. I expect to gain the knowledge and skills that will help me to succeed for the rest of my life from my university education here. I expect to graduate and earn a higher income, become a more skilled professional, be prepared for more job opportunities and reach a higher potential for myself than had I not attended the University of Dallas. I expect to gain an increased quality of life from the education I receive here, like mentioned in the following information from an educational site: â€Å"Children of college-educated parents are more likely to graduate from high school and continue onto college; they are more likely to have higher cognitive development; and sons and daughters of college educated mothers and fathers are considerably less likely to become unmarried teen parents† (Benefits, 2007). I expect to gain the knowledge and skills training, education from the program that I am in to graduate and be prepared to work in the field I am preparing to go into. But most of all, I expect to gain from my education from University of Dallas what I put into it. I know that an education of and in itself is not a magic pill to anything. However, by applying myself as well as I can in all of my classes and in all of the coursework I take here, I expect from my University of Dallas education the extent to which I put into it . Reference Benefits of College. Retrieved April 13, 2007, from Think College Early Massachusetts Web site: http://www. thinkcollegeearly. org/benefits/benefit. htm

New Challenges for Africa and the Islamic World Essay Example for Free

New Challenges for Africa and the Islamic World Essay * Songhai flourished during the 1400s and 1500s, with an empire stretching 1500 miles east to west. (from Gao to the Niger River) a. Timbuktu * Timbuktu became a major center for trans-Saharan trade. Large supplies of gold, ivory, and slaves were sent abroad. * Timbuktu was a major center of Islamic scholarship, in particular because of the Islamic University of Sankore. * Civil war over succession weakened the empire which was then destroyed by Moroccan forces. B. Other West African States * The small Sudanic kingdoms that formed after the fall of Songhai were parts of a closely linked commercial network. * For example, the Dyula moved goods by donkey and canoe, dominating the regional trade. * A few non-Muslim states, including those of the Guinea Coast, had a matrilineal social structure. a. The Kanem-Bornu Kingdom * The Islamic kingdom of Kanem-Bornu prospered from trans-Saharan trade and reached its height under king Idrus Aloma. a. The Hausa and the Trans-Saharan Trade * The Hausa had trade-oriented states in modern-day Chad, eastern Niger, and Nigeria where cotton cloth and leatherwork were manufactured for export. * Islam became dominant, but women continued to play vital social and political roles. b. Trade on the Guinea Coast * A few non-Muslim states, including those of the Guinea Coast and Volta River basin, had a matrilineal social structure, and prospered from mining and trading in gold to the north. c. Europeans in West Africa * Portuguese encountered such large trading centers as the one at Guinala, (Guinea Bissau), where 12,000 men and women met weekly to trade. C. Bantu Trading Cities and Kingdoms (East) * Bantu settlers and Arab immigrants formed the Swahili culture. * The Swahili city-states grew wealthy by trading in African goods to peoples from around the Indian Ocean. a. Trade on the East African Coast * Swahili city-states were parts of the great trading network generally dominated by seafaring Arabs and Indian Muslims. d. The Shona and the Ganda * The Shona exported gold and ivory through the city of Sofala to the Middle East and India. * The Ganda people established the kingdom of Buganda west of Lake Victoria and Buganda dominated the region by the 1700s. e. The Kingdom of Kongo * In the Congo River basin, the Bantu kingdom of Kongo became one of the first great African states to be visited by European explorers. * The kingdoms of Luba and Lunda resisted European power into the nineteenth century. f. The Xhosa and the Zulu * The Xhosa and Zulu were the main Bantu-speaking groups to migrate into southern Africa. D. Africa in the Hemispheric System * Sub-Saharan Africans lacked interregional connections. * Sub-Saharan African was cut off from European and Asian trade. * Marginally fertile soils, scarce exploitable minerals, and few good harbors impeded development in Sub-Saharan Africa. a. Africa the Unknown * West and East Africa supplied gold, ivory, and other commodities to the Middle East and Europe for centuries. * The remaining Amharic Christians in modern-day Ethiopia were surrounded by Muslims and essentially cut off from contact with Europe. g. The Opening of Africa * Europeans set out to penetrate â€Å"Darkest Africa† with the â€Å"light† of the West, while also looking for direct routes to Asian spices and silk. * Africans were shocked and dismayed upon first sighting Europeans. h. The Beginning of the African Slave Trade * Europeans looked for slaves after setting up in the Americas. * Slavery had a long tradition in Africa, which involved Muslim traders. * Europeans already had enslaved their own peoples, though not with a racialized reason. II. EUROPEAN IMPERIALISM AND THE TRANS-ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE * Racism developed from early exploitative relationships forged by Portuguese and Dutch adventurers along the two coasts of Africa and in its southern reaches. A. The Portuguese and African Encounters * By the late 1400s the Portuguese had colonized the Cape Verde Islands and the nearby coastal region of Guinea-Bissau. * They also established a long relationship of cooperation with the prosperous Kongo kingdom of south central Africa and sent Catholic missionaries. a. Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco de Gama * In 1487 Bartholomeu Dias rounded the Cape of Good Hope and the Indian Ocean. Vasco da Gama established relations with East African Swahili trading cities. * In India, European goods could not compete with more valuable and finer products from India, China, Indonesia, and Persia. Da Gama had finally located the sea route to the east. * The Portuguese set up a network of trading bases around the Indian Ocean, and tried to limit the activity of their Arab, Ottoman, Persian, and Indian rivals. i. The Portuguese and the Kongo * The Christian King Alfonso I, a Portuguese ally, controlled the Kongo and attempted to emulate Portugal by expansion and modernization. * Slavery soured Portuguese-Kongolese relations. j. Queen Nzinga and African Resistance * After Alfonso’s death, the Portuguese conquered Kongo and Ndongo. Kongolese and Ndongo warriors were no match for Portuguese armies. Queen Nzinga of Ndongo strongly resisted the Portuguese. * Kongolese Christian kings appealed to the Pope to halt the slave raids. The Kongolese kings allied with the Dutch to curb Portuguese influence. Kongo endured civil wars, which led to the capture of more slaves. * Portuguese forces occupied several major Swahili trading cities. They eventually controlled several trading ports from the Persian Gulf to China. They used brutal methods to achieve their ends. k. The Decline of Portuguese Influence * Portuguese influence waned on the East Coast of Africa by the 17th century after they destroyed much of the trade by dissuading merchants to venture to the cities they nominally controlled. * In the late 1600s, Arabs from Oman pushed the Portuguese out. E. New Challenges for the Shona States and Ethiopia (East) * The Portuguese controlled the lower Zambezi Valley in order to dominate the gold trade. * They also moved up the Zambezi River and ended up controlling the largest Shona state of Monomotopa. * They also settled coastal Mozambique and mixed culturally, often through intermarriage. a. Ethiopian Civil War * The Portuguese forces assisted Ethiopians against their Muslim neighbors. * Jesuit missionaries converted Ethiopian king to Catholicism. * Attempts to change the Ethiopian Church did not succeed, and the missionaries and other Portuguese were expelled. F. South Africa and Dutch Colonization * Dutch settlers in Cape Town traded with the Khoikhoi, but then seized their land. They enslaved or killed all the Khoikhoi living near the Cape, then imposed white rule over Africans. * Slaves were imported from Madagascar, Mozambique, and Indonesia. * As the economy developed, Africans and Asians outnumbered whites. a. The Boers and â€Å"trekking† * Some Dutch settlers, or Boers, moved eastward to escape governmental control and look for new land to settle. * The Boers tried to take over Xhosa and Zulu lands. G. The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade * Europeans enslaved Africans to fulfill their labor needs in the Americas on plantations and in mines. * Physical differences established racial basis of trans-Atlantic slavery. a. The Slave Trade Expands * West Africa was fragmented, which made it vulnerable to slave trading. The Europeans established trading forts from Senegal to Angola. * The Europeans traded cotton goods, guns, iron, rum, and tobacco for slaves. The Europeans often cooperated with local African chiefs to obtain slaves. * The exact number of enslaved Africans is uncertain, but it probably totaled 25 to 30 million individuals. The trans-Atlantic slave trade reached its peak between 1700 and 1800. l. Horrors of the Middle Passage * Slaves were branded, chained together, and packed into overcrowded slave ships. * Many slaves committed suicide before reaching the Americas, so slavers installed nets along the sides of slave ships to catch jumpers. There were also many attempted mutinies en route. * The majority of slaves were sold to plantations without regard to personal ties. m. Rationalizing the Slave Trade * Europeans justified slavery by claiming that Africans were inherently inferior. * Some Westerners argued that slavery benefited Africans by exposing them to Western culture, values, and religion. H. The Slave Trade and African Societies * Some coastal regions of West and Central Africa succumbed to chronic raiding, kidnapping, and warfare. * Some societies were particularly destabilized when huge numbers were enslaved. * Out of these patterns of human enslavement emerged the Atlantic System. a. The Impact of the Slave Trade on Africa * Some African societies prospered by selling neighboring peoples into slavery. The kings of Benin obtained firearms by trading cotton textiles, pepper, ivory, and beads, and prohibited the sale of male slaves. * States such as Dahomey prospered by cooperating with the slave traders. Coastal regions from Senegambia down to Angola suffered the most (ex. family damage.) * The trans-Atlantic slave trade created economic imbalances that hindered the evolution of local industries, though African societies arguably benefited from the introduction of peanuts and corn. n. Early Imperialism and Colonialism in Africa * Europeans practiced imperialism and colonialism in Africa. * The scramble for Africa intensified with industrialization in Europe. Western industrialization helped end the slave trade, but accelerated the need for African natural resources.

Medias Influence Essay -- The Role and Influence of Mass Media

You do it without even knowing. Everyday you are influenced by the media, when you wake up, one of the first things you will do, and I speak from experience because I do it my self, you will look at your mobile phone, turn the TV on, turn the sleeper timer on your radio or check your emails. It doesn't seem like much but already straight away in your lives you're being influenced. After that it doesn't stop. you go to the kitchen and get some food, and I can almost be 100% sure when I say that there will be a product in that kitchen of yours that has been or is endorsed by a well known celebrity. Which again just shows another way in which the media influence us? I carried out a bit of background research before I did this essay, and this statement is backed up by what I found. I found that 87% of people I asked have brought something because of celebrity endorsement. 100% of people owned some products that had been endorsed, be it makeup, cooking equipment, shoes/clothes whatever. Of all these people they said that t...

Young Goodman Brown :: Literature Fiction Religion Essays

Young Goodman Brown In the story of Young Goodman Brown the main character finds much more then he imagined by venturing into the forest. Leaving from the town of Salem, Massachusetts, Young Goodman Brown travels into the forest to confront and conquer the temptations of evil. However, the artistry of this story lies in what Goodman Brown finds, realizes, and becomes. In â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† the main character goes through a period of self-realization, and; ironically comes to harbor the evil he fears so much. The time period in which the story is set contributes heavily to the irony of the events. The group to which Young Goodman Brown belonged is the Puritans. This religious group had very strict Christian beliefs, morals, and ethics. Shortly before the story of Goodman Brown the Puritan peoples of Salem had condemned people believed to be witches. Obviously, in the time of the Puritans evil was by no means tolerated. It was more or less hunted out and destroyed. Being the wildly religious Puritan he is, Goodman Brown sets of into the forest on a quest to find evil and relinquish its temptations once and for all. Brown expresses that by doing so he will gain some unworldly benefit when he states â€Å" . . . after this one night I’ll cling to her [his wife, Faith] skirts and follow her to heaven† (444). Brown meets Satan during his journey throughout the forest and manages to resist his evil. However, Brown becomes discouraged when he finds his old religion teacher in the forest whom has already succumbed to Satan. Next, Brown reaches an altar of sorts in the forest, and finds the entire town worshiping Satan. At this instant Goodman Brown comes to a realization, and ultimately loses his faith. Goodman Brown wakes the next morning in the forest alone, with no sign of the devil worshiping citizens. Whether or not it was all just a dream, or reality, we will never know, but regardless it bestowed Goodman Brown with a sense of betrayal. The epiphany comes when Brown sees that there is evil in everyone and the Puritan beliefs cannot hold fast against it. Brown’s quest to denounce evil brought him to realize it was all for not. As a result of his findings, Brown becomes a hardened, distrusting soul. As stated by Hawthorne: â€Å"A stern, a sad, a darkly meditative, a distrustful, if not a desperate man did he become from the night of that fearful dream† (453.

Living for Normality :: Cultural Culture Essays

Living for Normality Most people want to be normal. The definition of normal however, depends on the culture of the person making the judgment. Far too often, normal is defined in America by looking at the actions and beliefs of the average white middle class family. This definition of normal fails to let other cultures to be accepted, creating distance and misunderstanding. One type of culture, which has traditionally been labeled as uncivilized, are those found in Africa. Other more civilized cultures tend to look down on those who belong to African cultures, labeling their customs and ways of life as abnormal. Randall Bass, an Associate Professor of English at Georgetown University, made an interesting argument in his book, Bordertexts: Cultural Readings for Contemporary Writer. Bass describes a passage from a local newspaper out of Louisville, Kentucky. The newspaper coined the phrase, "national geographic nudity" in describing a movie. Bass's impression of the phrase is shown in the following passage, "Somehow the phrase 'national geographic nudity' implies that the natives were not as present or as visible as the other people in the movie." Here Bass is proving the point of cultural differences relating to the definition of normality. While the natives view their nudity as normal, nudity is generally not accepted by any class from America. This dif ference is a prime example of clashing definitions of what cultures accept to be normal. The next step up the ladder of normality is the lower class. Unlike the natives who don't look to fit into the normal set by American middle class, American lower class are constantly looking for ways to improve. PBS ran a very interesting special on classes within the United States. In the special, "People Like Us," was a section devoted to a woman named Tammy and her family. Tammy is a typical lower class citizen; she lives in a trailer in a small town, trash piled around, and no car to drive. After being on welfare for eighteen years, Tammy got a job at a Burger King restaurant 15 miles away. Tammy wants to become better; in fact she wants to go back to school. "I'm hoping to go to college and be a school teacher. That was my goal from the time I was five years old up until now." Even though Tammy wants to move up a class, she still realizes to which group she belongs.

Boeing 7 Essay

A reverse of this trend is crucial to reach some of the projected sales numbers that Boeing is counting on. There are several factors to these lower numbers. A decrease in business travel has occurred due to cost and the advance of conferencing technologies. And lastly, the weak economy has vacationers thinking of local destinations instead of traveling abroad. Market Share Boeing’s fiercest competitor is Airbus. It is crucial that the new 7E7 delivers on its promise of lower operating cost. This will help command a larger share of the market. This becomes even more important if the economy doesn’t recover as quickly as we hope. The other aspect of the 7E7’s success is the engineering of an expandable wing. Adding this versatility will give the 7E7 owner more options for travel routes. Sensitivity Analysis The following is the sensitivity analysis of the Boeing project which gives optimistic and pessimistic estimates for the underlying variables of volume and cost of sales. The purpose of the sensitivity analysis is to express cash flows in terms of the variables of this project. Boeing had to determine what the decide what the underlying variables were which in this case happen to be development costs and the per-copy costs to build the 7E7. For the project to increase shareholder wealth, Boeing would have to sell at least 2,500 aircraft over a 20-year period. Airbus is a close competitor. They will be coming to market with a new A380. If Boeing falls behind regarding innovation, they may lose their market share. For Boeing to have a future in the aviation industry, they must take the risk to develop this new place. With the economy so volatile, airlines will be looking for options that reduce their operational costs. The 7E7 will do this. The success of the expandable wing will give the plane attractive versatility. Fuel prices are also on the rise, this is yet another reason why a plane with a lower operating cost will succeed in the future The equity market risk premium should equal the excess return expected by investors on the market portfolio. In this case it was calculated to be 7. 14%. The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) was calculated to be 15. 443%. For the project to increase shareholder wealth, the IRR of the project should at least equal the WACC. For this to happen Boeing would have to sell at least 2500 airliners in a 20-year period.

On September 11th 2001 the world was forever changed Essay

On September 11th 2001 the world was forever changed. The horrific events, which occurred at the World Trade Centers in New York, the Pentagon in Washington and on Flight 93, which crashed in Pennsylvania, have forever altered the way Americans view their safety. Every household in the U.S. tuned in to the news on TV, radio, or Internet to see how the world was being twisted in front of their eyes. These events dramatically proved that the United States, the greatest nation in the world, was no longer safe from outside threats. . The stock market crash of 1929, which led to the depression, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and the terrorist attacks of September 11th were all unexpected events that no one could have predicted but had such dramatic effects that they can never be forgotten. All three events seem to be categorized together for a few simple reasons. To the average American citizen these horrendous events were unforeseen, but noted historians would beg to differ. They believe in such instances as Pearl Harbor, The stock market crash of 1929, and September 11th, that the government and many political figures were forewarned. If they had taken their admonitions more seriously and acted upon them, historians believe that they could have at least made the consequent effects minimal. There were several proceedings that should have elicited American retaliation. It is said that Bin laden himself declared war on America in 1996. In the early 90’s, The World Trade Center was car bombed, and Osama Bin Laden was the primary suspect for this assault. Even after that incident no one saw Bin laden as a serious threat and didn’t think his dangerous ways could jeopardize our countries well being as a whole. After the attack of September 11th it seems the unification of the American people became so strong it’s virtually indissoluble. Our previously fragile society became a link so strong we believe it can’t be touched by the outside perils of the world. The rise in Nationalism came about in a wave of red white and blue colors. It seemed every face in America was painted with the stars and stripes of our grand old flag. Our countries banner was now the latest fashion; closets were overflowing with the celebrated colors of our patriotic nation. Every news station put American flags on their lapels, and waving red, white and blue graphics were put on most channels. Many well-known Hollywood figures and successful businesses put together charities benefiting the victims and families affected by September 11. September 11 mended our nations pride and restored our dignity. Such a strong sense of nationalism can easily be compared to that of the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, when East and West Germany celebrated their reunion as one, after being isolated for so long. Subsequent to September 11, the United States faced many abrupt transformations as far as pastimes, lifestyles, and entertainment goes. There were a few noticeable differences from the changes following WWII, to those of September 11th. For example, Baseball, the great American pastime was brought to a standstill after September 11, where as Roosevelt motivated people to go to baseball games, and had baseball play a part in the healing of the country. Another difference from 9-11 was that after Pearl Harbor, and the crash of 1929, there were severe cut backs and limitations on how much of certain commodities, such as gasoline and sugar, the average American could use. The difference now is that we are currently at war with the oil capitals of the world. The gas prices are booming and don’t appear to be coming down any time soon; however, this does not stop the typical egotistic American from buying a brand new fuel consuming SUV. Racism is another topic that has been significantly affected by September 11th .In WWII we knew who the enemy was, it was strictly the Japanese and Germans, however, now it’s a â€Å"pin the tail on the donkey†1 mentality. After Pearl Harbor many Japanese men were put into internment camps to be interrogated for information and kept there, that did not happen after 9-11 however, many Arabs were questioned and racial profiling became a major issue. There was also a great deal of hate crimes aimed at the Arab race and people who had the visual characteristics of the middle-eastern inhabitants. The U.S. was unsure of which persons were solely responsible for the crimes, therefore no individual has the right to go pointing their fingers at any particular group, But the stereotyping and profiling still persists. . Exactly one year after Pearl Harbor the stock market had climbed up to almost where it was before (within 10%) now we are suffering a recession because of 9-11. Another fact is that before Pearl Harbor, the country was just coming out the depression and wasn’t even fully out. The war effort boosted production. 9-11 happened right when the US was at its prime in the economy and the attack destroyed industry and commercial enterprises. Also the government suspended a monopoly trial against GE so that it would not hurt the war effort. After 9-11 the government focused on companies such as Enron and WorldCom. Noticeably there are numerous features of September 11th that could be considered. However, It would be virtually impossible to cover all the aspects and phases of such an important date. September 11th, 2001 was a horribly significant date in not only American history but in world history as well. It brought back horrific memories of such instances as The Bombing of Pearl harbor and can even be compared to the hardships and struggles of The Stock Market Crash of 1929. As a result, the American people came together as one in a battle we like to call the â€Å"war on terrorism† 2. It is obvious this war may be infinite but it is worth the struggle, just knowing, in the future we may perhaps avoid such devastating events. As James Baldwin once wrote â€Å"A country is only as strong as the people who make it up and the country turns into what the people want it to become†¦we made the world we’re living in and we have to make it over.† 3 I think we should all recollect on the events step by step of September 11th, and take into mind, the advice that Baldwin has given us. Someday our country can completely overcome all of its vulnerability and end any chances of a date like this form reoccurring. Bibliography: www.time.com/archives/911 www.encarta.com/911 www.bostonherald.com/911/media www.bostonherald.com/911/race www.american-history.com/history/september11.mgi www.alternet.org/story.html ENDNOTES: 1. Lauren mills, a noted historian currently attending B.H.S. September 15th 2002. 2. George W. Bush Jr., AlterNet: One Year Later: Unintended Consequences of 9/11 and the war on terrorism. War against Iraq pg 3 3. James Baldwin, AlterNet: Before and After Septemeber11 True courage pg. 5

Juvenile Delinquency Essay

There are numerous theories to why a person becomes who they are and how they got there, what makes it difficult to understand is which correct theory to follow and believe. Listed are a brief analysis of a few theories and two case studies of two troubled youths that will help to open a window to witness what is happening to society’s youth and how they contribute to adulthood. Although, several theories are around regarding juvenile delinquency, tapering them down to one solution is nearly impracticable. Knowing that a theory is simply an educated guess, one can see there is not one single cause for delinquency in society today . However, there are several theories that should be considered and explored. We should make a more in-depth look at figures and determine where crime actually begins. The following are two separate crimes and for many, the correct theories surrounding them. I will explore theories such as the Robert Agnu’s General Strain Theory which suggest that anger, frustration and adverse emotions are linked to negative and destructive relationships. I will also explore Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic theory which suggests delinquent behavior is a product of abnormal personality structure formed early in life which consciously controls her choices. Juvenile Delinquency I will begin with Lakeisha McCoy a 16 year old girl living in Malvern Arkansas, a rural area in county seat of Hot Springs with the population of 9,021; (Wikipedia 2000) Lakeisha is from a single parent home with her mother and three other your female siblings surviving on the income $ 375 a week and no father figure in the home. Lakeisha’s mother works 40-50 hours per week at the Waffle House and has no daycare for the younger children . Therefore Lakeisha is unsupervised for better part of (6) hours after school due to her mother’s schedule. Lakiesha’s mother has an extensive criminal record possible mental illness, and was a troubled youth. She chooses boyfriends are less than desirable citizens most have little job security as well as drug and alcohol tendencies. Lakiesha was recently arrested for shoplifting at the local dollar store after stealing two pairs of shoes and three shirts. Next subject is Martin, a 14 year old male who lives in Dallas Texas, a large metropolitan city with the population of 1,299,543; (Wikipedia 2008) Martin is from a two parent household with one younger sister living on the annual income of $100,000. 00 a year. Martin’s parents are both employed, however, they work opposite shifts to ensure at least one parent is available for supervision at all times. Both parents keep the children at home after school and they are not involved with any after school or extra family functions. Martin was arrested for breaking and entering into a neighbor’s home during the day when his mother was a doctor’s appointment with his younger sister. What would society believe to be the reasoning behind both Lakeisha and Martins crimes? Some would say â€Å"There just troubled kids† or maybe would say â€Å"It’s because neither had supervision†. However, research and theorists view it in a completely different way. Let’s look at Sigmund Freud’s psychodynamic theory which suggests delinquent behavior is a bi product of abnormal personality structure formed early during the beginning stages of life. This theory would then explain her choices in relationships and how she feels about herself . Example mental torment can lead children into violence and aggression . An neglected child attention from peers will introduce them to a family structure or gang. This theory indicates that children act on unconscious needs and desires. With id, egos ,and super ego functioning together a child can live a normal in the aspects of personality if one becomes dominate then abnormal personality traits can be viewed in a â€Å"God† like complex. (Siegel et al. † 2003). Arousal theorists believe that obtaining thrills is a motivation of committing crimes. They believe children commit crimes like shoplifting for the thrill of possibly getting away with it . They also believe this directly linked environmental and genetic reasons and this group responds to a different brain stimuli. This might indicate that some children need more stimuli to feel comfortable which links higher degrees of excitement . The theories do not stop with just a chemical thrill seeking side of these children; there are a few other facts to consider. (Siegel et al., 2003). Robert Agnu’s General Strain Theory explores the notion that anger, frustration and adverse emotions are directly linked to negative and destructive relationships. Example, Lakeisha’s mother is one with abusive tendencies, she is ridiculed and called names which affects her behaviors both inside and outside the home by harboring a since of fear. Disappointment and anger. This eventually leads to antisocial behavior. He indicates that the negative behavior is linked to a certain peer group which might lead the adolescent to riskier behavior such as drug use. (Siegel et al. , 2003). Also Edwin Sutherland’s differential association theory suggest children exposed to and learn prosocial and antisocial attitudes and behavior ;meaning that the definitions of violating the law outweigh the definitions of being law abiding . Lakeisha’s mother has a long criminal record including , shoplifting , robbery and drug dealing. Since Lakeisha was exposed to this behavior most of her life, she begin to understand the law differently than a child whose parents were law abiding citizens. Terrence Thornberry’s interactional theory suggests most onset of criminal activity is linked to the weakening of social bonds during adolescence; marked by the deterioration of attachments of function within a society. It also believes that seriously delinquent children form a counter cultural belief system that justifies their behavior they interact with peer groups that that reinforce the same type of behavior and beliefs. This reinforces the term â€Å"Birds of a feather flock together† . Together they may look for excitement and engage reckless behavior and by doing so; they will justify their actions by stating â€Å"we have to do something for enjoyment† (Siegel et al, 2002). In Lakeisha’s case all three theories can be tied to her behavior, individual sociological and developmental stages have all been tainted . From birth Lakeisha was statistically predisposed to commit crimes and have a delinquent youth. Today, there are 100,000 children incarcerated throughout the United States and the number in continuing to rise. Studies show that in 19999 there were nearly (2) million juvenile adjudicated in the United States courts. That is an increase of 27% since 1990. The number of drug law violations increased by 168% public order increased by 74% and offenses of a person increased by 55% (Puzzanchera, 1999). Martins’ case is linked more towards the interactional theory and arousal theory than the opposite. His behaviors seem easier to turn towards the positive aspect than the latter. After several years of juvenile justice the general consensus should consider exploring there issues first. look in and around all the theories and perhaps children can avoid obstacles in their way. REFERENCES Foster care and juvenile delinquency (n. d. ) Retrieved July 24, 2010 , from http;// www,ark. edu/psyc112/fostercare/. Pussanchera, C (1999) The national juvenile court data archives. Retrived Oct 19, 2005 from Juvenile Court Statistics Web site: http//www. ncjrs. org/pdffiles I /ojjdp/201141. pdf#search=Juvenile%20statistics Siegel, L (2002) Juvenile delinquency, The Core, Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Sigel. J. , Welsh, B, C, & Senna, J. J. (2003) Juvenile Delinquency: Theory, practice, and law (8th Ed. ). United States: Thomson Wikipedia (2002). Retrieved July 27, 2010 from the free Encyclopedia Website: Wikipedia (2006) Retrieved July 27, 2010 from The free Encyclopedia Website

A class note guide on the relationship of a few important music history terms. Mostly cut and pastes from e-mail groups that explain and cite examples.

A class note guide on the relationship of a few important music history terms. Mostly cut and pastes from e-mail groups that explain and cite examples. 3terms:FauxbourdonFalsobordonePassus durisculus (rising and falling chromatic lines-Dido etc)Fauxbourdon:The 15th century technique of composition, employed in short pieces or sections within longer pieces. Two voices are enotated, the upper a cantus prius factus (usually sacred) an octave higher than ordinary plainchant, the lower forming sixths and octaves below. The words faux bourdon or some variant thereof appear at the beginning of the piece or section, usually near the lower part. (This label may be lacking in some copies.) In the earliest and most widely accepted method of realization, a third voice paralleling the upper part at the fourth below is added in performance. Thus three voices sound where parts for only two are written out. (Later, made into extra two voices, worked out from the lower part: one alternating thirds and fifths below, beginning and ending with a unison or octave; the other alternating thirds and fourths above, beginning and ending with a fifth.)Dido Ce metery marker baseThe earliest occurrence of the term faux bourdon inscribed on a musical composition is in the older section (finished ca.1430) of I-Bc Q15, on the last item of Dufay's Missa Sancti Jacobi, the communion "Vos qui secuti estis me." Only a few compositions from outside the 15th century were originally designated faux bourdon, although theorists of the next several centuries mention the term, increasingly confusing it with falso bordone.Although present knowledge of fauxbourdon necessarily rests in large part on written compositions, the technique was also used in extemporizing harmonizations of plainchant. (extemporize: improvise/compose, speak (esp)! or perform) . This practice was referred to by G. Monachus and probably implied by a musical example given by Tinctoris in the late 15th century. In such an improvisation, the pre-existing melody is in the tenor, whereas in written fauxbourdon it is in the upper...

Pronouncing the Spanish G and J

Pronouncing the Spanish G and J The g in Spanish can one of the more difficult letters to pronounce, at least for those who hope to be precise. The same is true for the j, whose sound it sometimes uses. Beginning Spanish students can think of g has having two sounds, although those who want to be exact will find that the g has three common sounds and a pair of rare situations where it is pronounced very softly if at all. The Quick and Easy Approach to Pronouncing the G The way many English speakers learning Spanish start out is by thinking of Spanish as having two sounds, depending on the letter that follows: Most of the time, the g can be pronounced much like the g in dog or figure. Note that in both of those English words, the g is pronounced somewhat softer or less explosively than the g in words such as goat and good.However, when the g is followed by e or i, it is pronounced something like the letter h, the same as the Spanish j. (In this way, the sound of the g parallels that of the c, which has a hard sound except when it comes before an e or i, in which case it has a softer sound. Both c and g in English often follow a similar pattern.) Note the differences in these phonetic transcriptions. The first three have the hard g sound, while the final two have the h sound: apagar - ah-pag-GARego - EH-gohignicià ³n - eeg-nee-SYOHNagente - ah-HEN-tehgirasol - hee-rah-SOHLgusto - GOO-stohgente  - HEN-teh You should have no difficulty being understood if you follow these pronunciations. However, if you hope to sound more like a native speaker, you should follow the next section. A More Precise Approach to Pronouncing the G Think of the g as have three main sounds: When the g comes immediately before an e or i, it is pronounced like the Spanish j, detailed below.Otherwise, when the g comes after a pause, such as at the beginning of a sentence, or if it doesnt have vowel sounds immediately before and after, the g can be pronounced much like the g in dog or figure.When the g comes between vowels (unless followed by e or i), it is pronounced much softer, and there is no good English equivalent. You might think of it as a mushy version of the above pronunciation, or like something between silence and the above pronunciation. You can hear it pronounced native speakers here. A Pair of Exceptions These three pronunciation take care of nearly all situations. However, there are two significant exceptions: Some speakers intensely soften or even drop the sound of the g in the letter combination gua, especially when it appears at the beginning of the word such as in guapo, guacamole, and guardar. So guapo sounds something like WAH-poh, and guacamole sounds like wah-kah-MOH-leh. This tendency, which can be heard here, is found in many areas and varies even within localities. At the extreme, you may even hear agua pronounced like AH-wah.A few English gerunds (-ing verbs) such as marketing and camping have been adopted into Spanish (often with a slight change in meaning). Most native Spanish speakers cant readily imitate the ng sound well at the end of a word, so the tendency is to end the word with the n sound. Thus marketing may sound like mrketin, and camping  may sound like campin. In a few cases, such as meeting becoming mà ­tin or mitin, the spelling has been changed to conform with the common pronunciation. Pronouncing the J The j sound is what is known as a voiceless velar fricative, which means that it is formed by forcing air through the slightly constricted back part of the mouth. Its kind of a scraping or raspy sound. If youve learned German, you may know it as the ch sound of Kirche. You may hear it sometimes in English in the word loch when given a Scottish accent or as the initial sound of Hanukkah when an attempt is made to pronounce it as if it were in Hebrew. One way you might think of the sound is as an extended k. Instead of sounding out the k in an explosive fashion, try lengthening the sound. The sound of the j varies with region. In some areas, the j sounds almost like a soft k, and in some places it sounds very close to the h sound in words such as hot or hero. If you give the j the sound of the English h, as many English-speaking Spanish students do, you will be understood, but keep in mind that is only approximate.

Understanding Phosphorous, Boron and Other Semiconductor Materials

Understanding Phosphorous, Boron and Other Semiconductor Materials Introducing Phosphorous The process of doping introduces an atom of another element into the silicon crystal to alter its electrical properties. The dopant has either three or five valence electrons, as opposed to silicons four. Phosphorus atoms, which have five valence electrons, are used for doping n-type silicon (phosphorous provides its fifth, free, electron). A phosphorus atom occupies the same place in the crystal lattice that was occupied formerly by the silicon atom it replaced. Four of its valence electrons take over the bonding responsibilities of the four silicon valence electrons that they replaced. But the fifth valence electron remains free, without bonding responsibilities. When numerous phosphorus atoms are substituted for silicon in a crystal, many free electrons become available. Substituting a phosphorus atom (with five valence electrons) for a silicon atom in a silicon crystal leaves an extra, unbonded electron that is relatively free to move around the crystal. The most common method of doping is to coat the top of a layer of silicon with phosphorus and then heat the surface. This allows the phosphorus atoms to diffuse into the silicon. The temperature is then lowered so that the rate of diffusion drops to zero. Other methods of introducing phosphorus into silicon include gaseous diffusion, a liquid dopant spray-on process, and a technique in which phosphorus ions are driven precisely into the surface of the silicon. Introducing Boron   Of course, n-type silicon cannot form the electric field by itself; its also necessary to have some silicon altered to have the opposite electrical properties. So it’s boron, which has three valence electrons, that’s used for doping p-type silicon. Boron is introduced during silicon processing, where silicon is purified for use in PV devices. When a boron atom assumes a position in the crystal lattice formerly occupied by a silicon atom, there is a bond missing an electron (in other words, an extra hole). Substituting a boron atom (with three valence electrons) for a silicon atom in a silicon crystal leaves a hole (a bond missing an electron) that is relatively free to move around the crystal. Other semiconductor materials. Like silicon, all PV materials must be made into p-type and n-type configurations to create the necessary electric field that characterizes a PV cell. But this is done a number of different ways depending on the characteristics of the material. For example, amorphous silicons unique structure makes an intrinsic layer or â€Å"i layer† necessary. This undoped layer of amorphous silicon fits between the n-type and p-type layers to form what is called a p-i-n design. Polycrystalline thin films like copper indium diselenide (CuInSe2) and cadmium telluride (CdTe) show great promise for PV cells. But these materials cant be simply doped to form n and p layers. Instead, layers of different materials are used to form these layers. For example, a window layer of cadmium sulfide or another similar material is used to provide the extra electrons necessary to make it n-type. CuInSe2 can itself be made p-type, whereas CdTe benefits from a p-type layer made from a material like zinc telluride (ZnTe). Gallium arsenide (GaAs) is similarly modified, usually with indium, phosphorous, or aluminum, to produce a wide range of n- and p-type materials.

Saturated Solution Definition and Examples

Saturated Solution Definition and Examples A saturated solution is a chemical  solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute  dissolved in the solvent.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹The additional solute will not dissolve in a saturated solution. The amount of solute that can be dissolved in a solvent to form a saturated solution depends on a variety of factors. The most important factors are: Temperature:  Solubility increases with temperature. For example, you can dissolve much more salt in hot water than in cold water.Pressure:  Increasing pressure can force more solute into solution. This is commonly used to dissolve gases into liquids.Chemical Composition:  The nature of the solute and solvent and the presence of other chemicals in a solution affects solubility. For example, you can dissolve much more sugar in water than salt in water. Ethanol and water are completely soluble in each other. Examples of Saturated Solutions Jose Carlos Barbosa / EyeEm / Getty Images You encounter saturated solutions in daily life, not just in a chemistry lab. Also, the solvent does not need to be water. Here are some common examples: A soda is a saturated solution of carbon dioxide in water. This is why, when the pressure is released, carbon dioxide gas forms bubbles.Adding chocolate powder to milk so that it stops dissolving forms a saturated solution.Salt can be added to melted butter or oil to the point where the salt grains stop dissolving, forming a saturated solution.If you add enough sugar to your coffee or tea, you can form a saturated solution. Youll know youve reached the saturation point when the sugar stops dissolving. Hot tea or coffee allows much more sugar to be dissolved than you can add to a cold beverage.Sugar can be added to vinegar to form a saturated solution. Things That Will Not Form Saturated Solutions If one substance will not dissolve into another, you cannot form a saturated solution. For example, when you mix salt and pepper, neither dissolves in the other. All you get is a mixture. Mixing oil and water together will not form a saturated solution because one liquid does not dissolve in the other. How To Make a Saturated Solution Theres more than one way to make a saturated solution. You can prepare it from scratch, saturate an unsaturated solution, or force a supersaturated solution to lose some solute. Add solute to a liquid until no more dissolves.Evaporate solvent from a solution until it becomes saturated. Once the solution starts to crystallize or precipitate, the solution is saturated.Add a seed crystal to a supersaturated solution so extra solute will grow onto the crystal, leaving a saturated solution. What Is a Supersaturated Solution? The definition of a supersaturated solution is one which contains more dissolved solute than could ordinarily dissolve into the solvent. A minor disturbance of the solution or introduction of a seed or tiny crystal of solute will force crystallization of excess solute. One way supersaturation can occur is by carefully cooling a saturated solution. If there is no nucleation point for crystal formation, the excess solute may remain in solution.

made in the USA essays

made in the USA essays Made in the USA has come to be a very generic term used on a lot of products from all around the world. Currently, there are no standards to set what is actually Made in the USA. Companies claim that if a few parts of the product have been made within its boarders it is deemed Made in the USA. By personal standards, I think that if a product has a majority of its parts made within the boarders of North America it has a right to be classified as Made in the USA and also have its seal. It is the same way in any country; it is a statement of pride or patriotism. That is why Americans want to support their own and keep their money in their economy. This forms a sense of unity and supporting your fellow American. Products fully made in the United States is nearly impossible to find. Making all the parts for a specific product is hard for any country to accomplish. Since the resources are based in different areas; we have to rely on other countries for certain products. A majority of petroleum comes from the Middle East which is produced into plastics. Plastic is one of the most used products in our current age. Therefore, any product to be fully made in the United States or in any country it is barely possible. Certain resources are more abundant in different places, which make them less expensive in those areas. Supply and demand makes it more economical to buy from the countries that have more of a product, which lowers the product costs. Product cost is the basis for all decisions of which country certain products come from. Technically we could make a product completely in the United States, but the cost would be so high for some of the parts, which is why we import different parts. This makes the products a lot cheaper compared to the same that would be actually made in the USA. A set of shoes at a store that where Made in the USA where $99, but the other shoes of the sam...

Biography of Stokely Carmichael, Civil Rights Activist

Biography of Stokely Carmichael, Civil Rights Activist Stokely Carmichael was an important activist in the Civil Rights Movement who attained prominence (and generated enormous controversy) when he issued a call for Black Power during a speech in 1966. The phrase quickly spread, sparking a fierce national debate. Carmichaels words became popular among younger African Americans who were frustrated with the slow pace of progress in the field of civil rights. His magnetic oratory, which would typically contain flashes of passionate anger mixed with playful wit, helped make him nationally famous. Fast Facts: Stokely Carmichael Full Name: Stokely CarmichaelAlso Known As: Kwame TureOccupation: Organizer and civil rights activistBorn: June 29, 1941 in Port-of-Spain, TrinidadDied: November 15, 1998 in Conakry, GuineaKey Accomplishments: Originator of the term Black Power and a leader of the Black Power movement Early Life Stokely Carmichael was born in Port-of-Spain, Trinidad, on June 29, 1941. His parents emigrated to New York City when Stokely was two, leaving him in the care of grandparents. The family was eventually reunited when Stokely was 11 and came to live with his parents. The family lived in Harlem and eventually in the Bronx. A gifted student, Carmichael was accepted to the Bronx High School of Science, a prestigious institution where he came into contact with students from diverse backgrounds. He later recalled going to parties with classmates who lived on Park Avenue and feeling uncomfortable in the presence of their maids - given the fact that his own mother worked as a maid. He was offered several scholarships to elite colleges and ultimately chose to attend Howard University in Washington, D.C.. By the time he began college in 1960, he was greatly inspired by the growing Civil Rights Movement. He had seen television reports of sit-ins and other protests in the South and felt a need to get involved. While a student at Howard, he came into contact with members of SNCC, the Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (popularly known as Snick). Carmichael began participating in SNCC actions, traveling to the South and joining Freedom Riders as they sought to integrate interstate bus travel. Following graduation from Howard in 1964, he began working full-time with SNCC and soon became a traveling organizer in the South. It was a dangerous time. The Freedom Summer project was trying to register black voters across the South, and resistance was fierce. In June 1964 three civil rights workers, James Chaney, Andrew Goodman, and Michael Schwerner, disappeared in Mississippi. Carmichael and some SNCC associates participated in the search for the missing activists. The bodies of the three murdered activists were eventually found by the FBI in August 1964. Other activists who were personal friends of Carmichael were killed in the following two years. The August 1965 shotgun murder of Jonathan Daniels, a white seminarian who had been working with SNCC in the South, affected Carmichael deeply. Black Power From 1964 to 1966 Carmichael was constantly in motion, helping to register voters and fight against the Jim Crow system of the South. With his quick wit and oratorical skills, Carmichael became a rising star in the movement. He was jailed numerous times, and was known to tell stories about how he and fellow inmates would sing to both pass the time and annoy the guards. He later said his patience for peaceful resistance broke down when, from a hotel room window, he saw police savagely beat civil rights protesters in the street below. In June 1966, James Meredith, who had integrated the University of Mississippi in 1962, began a one-man march across Mississippi. On the second day, he was shot and injured. Many other activists, including Carmichael and Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., vowed to finish his march. Marchers began crossing the state, with some joining in and some dropping out. According to a New York Times report, there were usually about 100 marchers at any one time, while volunteers fanned out along the route to register voters. On June 16, 1966, the march reached Greenwood, Mississippi. White residents turned out to heckle and hurl racial slurs, and local police harassed the marchers. When marchers tried to pitch tents to spend the night in a local park, they were arrested. Carmichael was taken to jail, and a photograph of him in handcuffs would appear on the front page of the next mornings New York Times. Carmichael spent five hours in custody before supporters bailed him out. He appeared at a park in Greenwood that night, and spoke to about 600 supporters. The words he used would change the course of the Civil Rights Movement, and the 1960s. With his dynamic delivery, Carmichael called for Black Power. The crowd chanted the words. Reporters covering the march took notice. Up until that point, the marches in the South tended to be portrayed as dignified groups of people singing hymns. Now there seemed to be an angry chant electrifying the crowd. The New York Times reported on how quickly Carmichaels words were adopted: Many marchers and local Negroes were chanting Black power, black power, a cry taught them by Mr. Carmichael at a rally last night when he said, Every courthouse in Mississippi ought to be burned down to get rid of the dirt. But on the courthouse steps, Mr. Carmichael was less angry and said: The only way we can change things in Mississippi is with the ballot. Thats black power. Carmichael gave his first Black Power speech on a Thursday night. Three days later, he appeared, in a suit and tie, on the CBS News program Face the Nation, where he was questioned by prominent political journalists. He challenged his white interviewers, at one point contrasting the American effort to deliver democracy in Vietnam with its apparent failure to do the same in the American South. Over the next few months the concept of Black Power was hotly debated in America. The speech Carmichael gave to hundreds in the park in Mississippi rippled through society, and opinion columns, magazine articles, and television reports sought to explain what it meant and what it said about the direction of the country. Within weeks of his speech to hundreds of marchers in Mississippi, Carmichael was the subject of a lengthy profile in the New York Times. The headline referred to him as Black Power Prophet Stokely Carmichael. Fame and Controversy In May 1967 LIFE magazine published an essay by the noted photographer and journalist Gordon Parks, who had spent four months following Carmichael. The article presented Carmichael to mainstream America as an intelligent activist with a skeptical, though nuanced, view of race relations. At one point Carmichael said to Parks that he was tired of explaining what Black Power meant, as his words kept getting twisted. Parks prodded him and Carmichael responded: For the last time, he said. Black Power means black people coming together to form a political force and either electing representatives or forcing their representatives to speak their needs. Its an economic and physical bloc that can exercise its strength in the black community instead of letting the job go to the Democratic or Republican parties or a white-controlled black man set up as a puppet to represent black people. We pick the brother and make sure he fulfills The article in LIFE may have made Carmichael relatable to mainstream America. But within months, his fiery rhetoric and wide-ranging travels made him an intensely controversial figure. In the summer of 1967, President Lyndon Johnson, alarmed at Carmichaels comments against the Vietnam War, personally instructed the FBI to conduct surveillance on him. In mid-July 1967, Carmichael embarked on what turned into a world tour. In London, he spoke at a Dialectics of Liberation conference, which featured scholars, activists, and even American poet Allen Ginsberg. While in England, Carmichael spoke at various local gatherings, which drew the attention of the British government. There were rumors that he was pressured to leave the country. In late July 1967, Carmichael flew to Havana, Cuba. He had been invited by the government of Fidel Castro. His visit immediately made news, including a report in the New York Times on July 26, 1967 with the headline: Carmichael Is Quoted As Saying Negroes Form Guerrilla Bands. The article quoted Carmichael as saying the deadly riots occurring in Detroit and Newark that summer had used the war tactics of guerrillas. On the same day that the New York Times article appeared, Fidel Castro introduced Carmichael at a speech in Santiago, Cuba. Castro referred to Carmichael as a leading American civil rights activist. The two men became friendly, and in the following days Castro personally drove Carmichael around in a jeep, pointing out landmarks related to battles in the Cuban revolution. Carmichaels time in Cuba was widely denounced in the United States. Following the controversial stay in Cuba, Carmichael planned to visit North Vietnam, the enemy of the United States. He boarded a Cuban airlines plane to fly to Spain, but Cuban intelligence called the flight back when it was tipped off that American authorities were planning to intercept Carmichael in Madrid and lift his passport. The Cuban government put Carmichael on a plane to the Soviet Union, and from there he traveled onward to China and eventually to North Vietnam. In Hanoi, he met with the nations leader, Ho Chi Minh. According to some accounts, Ho told Carmichael of when he lived in Harlem and had heard speeches by Marcus Garvey. At a rally in Hanoi, Carmichael spoke out against American involvement in Vietnam, using a chant he had previously used in America: Hell no, we wont go! Back in America, former allies distanced themselves from Carmichaels rhetoric and foreign connections and politicians spoke of charging him with sedition. In the fall of 1967, Carmichael kept traveling, visiting Algeria, Syria, and the African West African nation of Guinea. He began a relationship with the South African singer Miriam Makeba, whom he would eventually marry. At various stops on his travels he would speak out against Americas role in Vietnam, and denounce what he considered American imperialism. When he arrived back in New York, on December 11, 1967, federal agents, along with a crowd of supporters, were waiting to greet him. U.S. marshals confiscated his passport because he had visited communist countries without authorization. Post-American Life In 1968, Carmichael resumed his role as an activist in America. He published a book, Black Power, with a co-author, and he continued to speak out on his political vision. When Martin Luther King was assassinated on April 4, 1968, Carmichael was in Washington, D.C. He spoke publicly in the following days, saying white America had killed King. His rhetoric was denounced in the press, and political figures accused Carmichael of helping to spur on the riots that followed Kings killing. Later that year, Carmichael became affiliated with the Black Panther Party, and appeared with prominent Panthers at events in California. Wherever he went, controversy seemed to follow. Carmichael had married Miriam Makeba, and they made plans to live in Africa. Carmichael and Makeba left the United States in early 1969 (the federal government had returned his passport after he agreed not to visit banned countries). He would settle permanently in Guinea. During his time living in Africa, Carmichael changed his name to Kwame Ture. He claimed to be a revolutionary, and supported a Pan-African movement, the goal of which was to form African nations into a unified political entity. As Kwame Ture, his political moves were generally frustrated. He was criticized at times for being too friendly with Africa dictators, including Idi Amin. Ture would occasionally visit the United States, giving lectures, appearing in various public forums, and even appearing for an interview on C-Span. After years under surveillance, he had become intensely suspicious of the United States government. When he was diagnosed with prostate cancer in the mid-1990s, he said to friends that the CIA may have made him contract it. Kwame Ture, who Americans remembered as Stokely Carmichael, died in Guinea on November 15, 1998. Sources Stokely Carmichael. Encyclopedia of World Biography, 2nd ed., vol. 3, Gale, 2004, pp. 305-308. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Glickman, Simon, and David G. Oblender. Carmichael, Stokely 1941–1998. Contemporary Black Biography, edited by David G. Oblender, vol. 26, Gale, 2001, pp. 25-28. Gale Virtual Reference Library.Joseph, Peniel E., Stokely: A Life, Basic Civitas, New York City, 2014.

Based on your reading of The Death of Woman Wang,describle and analyze Essay

Based on your reading of The Death of Woman Wang,describle and analyze how Confucian ideals are ever present to all levels of Ch - Essay Example According to Confucius, society could become stable only when the five basic relationships are being fulfilled which are, the relation of Love (among father and son), relationship of righteousness (among emperor and minister), relationship of virtuous demeanor (among husband and wife), relationship of order (among elder and younger) and relationship of faithfulness (among friends).If we closely administer these virtues, we see that out of the five, three occur in the family system. He was the great devotee of the family system and it is also the basis of today’s family system in China (Spence pp134-139). The family system has an extended impact on the whole town, city and society of China. The order is strictly followed as, for instance, younger has to obey the elder whether the elder is from his family or from outside the family. Even today, Chinese people pay special respect to their elders (Spence pp 74-96). The death of woman Wang is a piece of literature that provides a h igh exposure to Chinese norms, society and cultural values back in the seventeenth century. According to Spence, the obligation of the people to the government is very high. To support the government, they have to pay taxes. Even when there were natural calamities, the people of the village had to pay taxes. The rule of the emperor is to be judged by the virtue and it is not hereditary. According to Confucius, the ruler must rule wisely and with moral attitudes. The ruler should be just in his working and virtue must be his core conduct. If the society is being ruled by a wise and just leader and ruler, the society is harmonized, stable and flourishing and it cultivates moral and ethical values. When the government understood the condition of the village, firstly they divided the tax in installments and later on forgave the taxes to be paid. But it was too late (Spence pp 33-58). The modern Chinese society is prospering mainly due to the autonomy that their political system provides . Chinese production market, for instance, is growing at a remarkable pace. The government provides the basic necessities to their citizens at low costs. The rulers, hence, are following the principles of Confucius wisely and with high moral attitude. Conscious considered woman as morally and intellectually defective. He was the strong opponent of women subordination. Regardless of this fact, the principles he provided were significantly influential in maintaining harmony, peace and stability in an economy. In ‘the story of woman Wang’ women are portrayed as liable to perform household chores. As a widow, they are given high value and respect if they remain loyal to their husbands even after he passes away. Women are severely punished, in Spence’s accounts, if they use their right to freely move around, choose their partners or try to change their lives. They are punished and eventually killed by one or the other men in Chinese society of 17th century. However, t he modern Chinese society regards female counterparts as respectful, loveable and respectful yet free to make choices. The Chinese society and the business market is an open case of female participation except households. The households and other family related issues, however, still work under women supervision and women are still held responsible for household works. Filial Piety is yet another value of Confucius. Confucius is also heard of saying â€Å"

Accounting coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Accounting - Coursework Example Mr. Joseph, store sales personnel, generated  £ 10,000 revenue for February, 2015. On the other hand, Ms. Gina, another sales personnel assigned to another city branch of the same company, generate  £ 50,000 revenue during the same time period. If the company’s sales benchmark for each store sales employee is  £ 40,000 per month, Mr. Joseph’s sales strategies did not effectively meet the required monthly revenue benchmark. On the other hand, Ms. Gina’s sales strategies effectively met the monthly required revenue benchmark (Chapman, 2011). 1. Business entities strive to generate higher efficiency and effectiveness levels to increase revenues (Chapman, 2011). By performing the same task within lesser time period, the company can sell more products. Taking lesser time to serve each customer’s store needs allows the same sales personnel to serve more customers. Serving more customers will normally lead to more revenues. By reducing work time to the least possible length, the store’s overall revenues will surely increase. 2. Business entities strive to generate higher efficiency and effectiveness levels to maximize expenses (Chapman, 2011). By using lesser salary expense, electricity expense, water, expense, repair expense, marketing expense, and other related business expenses, the company is able to save money. The saved money reduces the loan amount needed by the company for business expansions to other cities or nations. 3. Business entities strive to generate higher efficiency and effectiveness levels to increase net income figures (Chapman, 2011). With lesser time used and with lesser expense amounts, the financial statements of the companies will show that the company’s net income is favouraby higher than when money is unnecessarily wasted on unnecessary electricity, wage, and other production and possibly marketing expenses. The above table 1 evidently indicates United

Organizations going through Change Research Paper

Organizations going through Change - Research Paper Example These aspects are presented in Intel Corporation (2011) and Jones, Watson, Gardner, & Gallois (2010). In Intel Corporation (2011), the rationale for change is informed by the need to match Intel’s enterprise architecture with the current market demand for semiconductor chips. On the other hand, Jones, Watson, Gardner, & Gallois (2010) address change in the light of communication challenges in the21st century. The role of Intel in enhancing the welfare of the communication industry is highlighted. The commonality between the two publications is that they both evaluate the sources and impacts of organizational change. However, while one is based on the internal operations of the corporation, the other focuses on the entire industry. Organizational change for Intel is influenced by technology, operation processes, and architecture subject to the desired level of creativity and innovativeness (Ilozor, Peter, & Graham, 2012). In this respect, Intel uses diverse rationales for internal change, while the industry rationale for change is communication-based. Therefore, the use of single or multiple rationales in assessing the need for change depends on the specific operations undertaken by the

A literature review of brand loyalty from marketing aspect

A of brand loyalty from marketing aspect - Literature review Example Having loyal customers reduces the firm’s marketing cost by approximately thirty percent, according to Rosenberg and Czepiel (1983), mostly because the cost of retaining old consumers is reduced. In addition, brand loyal clients are less price sensitive thus the are willing to pay more for the products as long as they are from their favourite brand, this is a strategy that Apple Inc has used for many years and is still profiting from their loyal consumers who flood to the Apple stores to get new products (Bennett and Thiele 2005). Generally, a sturdy brand name is the number one tool to control the market and to posses a competitive advantage which is essential for any business growth and thus brand loyalty offers a strategic asset that is identified as the leading source of brand equity (Fullerton 2005). This literature review will solemnly study brand loyalty which refers to maintaining old consumers due to their love, trust and faith in the firm’s products. The objectives of this review are to review the dimensions and measures of brand loyalty, the causes of brand loyalty decline, the root of decline in brand loyalty, the remedies and analyze both the merits and demerits of brand loyalty by bringing together thoughts and experiences from a variety of literature and pragmatic studies conducted in the area of brand loyalty. Brand loyalty can be defined either conceptually (abstract descriptions) or operationally (measurement methods). Based on research journals and several literatures worldwide, Jacoby and Chestnut (1978), presented the most elaborate conceptual definition of brand loyalty since it covers the most significant features of brand loyalty. â€Å"The biased, behavioural response expressed over time by some decision making unit with respect to one or more alternative brands out of a set of such brands and is a function of psychological

Employee Reinstatement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employee Reinstatement - Essay Example Asthmatic Oshawa, an employee in the Ontario automotive parts manufacturing plant is an example of employee dissatisfaction. The employer never met the terms and conditions agreed in the employer-employee contract. I do not agree with the employer’s decision of firing the employee regardless of the medical evidence. The grievor’s doctor records said that the employee could return to work although careful measures were necessary to avoid reinjures. The employer could return him to work and make sure that his working environment is safe from those factors that could facilitate worsening of his condition; for example, ensuring effective ventilation and clean air, inspection in the working environment to ensure everything is all right. This will avoid putting the health of the employee and others at risk. The employer should allow the employees to make their own decision in resigning or returning to work. The employer must take the responsibility because it is simply ethical and the right thing to do. The decision of firing the employee will have negative implications for the organization and other employees. It will destroy the corporate image of the organization in the society and this will directly affect the market. This is by scaring away its customers and its stakeholders. In addition, the unethical action can affect the other employees by discouraging their efforts. This will reflect directly on the organization’s production.

Journal week 3 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Journal week 3 - Assignment Example This theme is greatly developed by Rocky who is CeCe’s friend. Education is an important aspect as much as development and growth are concerned. The company of CeCe is not worth as much as education is concerned, and at times she is tempted to follow the ways of her friend. Learning occurs through social learning, operant conditioning and classical conditioning. As parent I would be concerned if my child learned what CeCe does, this type of learning is likely to occur through social learning where observed behavior becomes copied behavior. On the contrary if a child learned from the character of Rocky it will be beneficial for the development of the child even in terms of Christianity. Theme of talent is also outspoken in this TV show, it is a very common phenomenon among the youths. From a biblical point of view it would be prudent if a talent was used to serve God rather than use the talent for other purposes. The talent is not used for the purpose of serving God and I would therefore not recommend my child to watch the show as it might have a negative influence. Though there can be some themes that are not appropriate in the show, other themes are very fundamental for the development of a teenager and I would not deter my child from watching the show. Having read one of the best American adolescent magazine called teen vogue I can concur that are some themes that portrayed in the magazine that are good for development of a child in aspects such as spiritual, emotional and physical. Though there are some themes that are no appropriate for the growth and development of a child due to the fact the child the child can assimilate some nasty behavior from the magazine. Celebrity is a theme that orchestrated in the magazine, this are very influential persons to the teens. Some of the celebrities are role models to particular teenagers and for this reason if a celebrity does a stupid act, a teen can try

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership - Assignment Example Under the umbrella of brand development, my company will provide solutions like designing the brand portfolio, naming the brand, creating the package design of the product and reconfiguring existing brands. Blue Angel Pvt. will provide solutions like designing all the customer touch points such as creating corporate and customer identity of the brand under the name of brand designing solution (Blue Marlin, 2013). Five force analysis of the graphic designing industry can be explained in the following manner. Type of Force Intensity of the force Characteristics of the Force Buyer Power Moderate Although the switching cost for customers is low but buyer power in the industry has reduced due to involvement of value billing system. Supplier Power Low Graphic designing companies have the option to choose supplier from plenty of available suppliers such as freelancers, trained graduates and experienced professionals. Substitutes Moderate Collected design from Asian countries and eco-design or individual designs. New Entrant Low Graphic designing is not a resource hungry industry, hence talents move from one company and start a venture without investing huge amount of capital. Competition High The industry is hypercompetitive due to presence of many players; competitors compete with each other on the basis of price and process of service delivery. (Source: Cooper, Evans and Williams, 2009) It is evident from the industry analysis, that a leader must have expert knowledge and skill regarding graphic designing in order to help the organization innovate and attract talents from the industry. By lending the conceptual framework of â€Å"expert power† used in the research work of Yukl (2010), it can be said that leaders must have the creative knowledge to attract subordinates and coordination capability to infuse teamwork among subordinates in order to help the company to move ahead in the jungle of graphic designing industry. Creation of Environment According to Han nigan (2008) and Mullins (2007), it is important for any organization to develop a culture of reward, learning, knowledge sharing and creativity in order to address challenges created by macro environment. I believe that a leader of a graphic designing firm has to be a curious person; by stating the term â€Å"curious† I want to mean that the leader must have the willingness to gather information and knowledge from both internal and external sources and use the gathered ideas in order to bring innovation in the graphic designing process. In such context, I need to make sure that all of my team members in Blue Angel Private Limited have the same enthusiasm and culture value to gather and share knowledge. When I am talking about knowledge sharing culture in the organization, then it is evident that the readers of this report are expecting that I will take help of learning organization concepts in order to validate my points. The fact is that, research scholars such as Solesvik and Encheva (2010) have pointed out that innovation culture in the organizational can be created by integrating the concepts of organizational learning. Although organizations can use either formal or informal culture but I believe that, Blue Angel Private Limited should use organic organizational structure and informal culture in order to create room for successful and innovative environment. Krackhardt and Hanson (1993, p. 104) have defined informal organizational

Analysis of Articles about the Effect of the Socioeconomic Roots Has Essay - 3

Analysis of Articles about the Effect of the Socioeconomic Roots Has on the Upper Echelon Management - Essay Example University of Michigan Business School, Working Paper. Although the article is old and is specific to a single function of procurement it is included because it provides the managerial decision making through a procurement perspective. 3. Carl Martin Allwood, Marcus Selart (2001) Decision Making: Social and Creative Dimensions. Springer. This book discusses in detail the decision making processes and the impact of various factors on decision making. It discusses the decision making at different management levels. 4. Charles R. Schwenk (1995) Strategic Decision Making. Journal of Management, Volume: 21, Issue: 3, SAGE. It is written by a graduate of Indiana University. The article discusses various aspects of decision making and discusses the impact of other factors as well on the upper echelon decision making other than just socioeconomic impacts. Therefore, the article looks at the topic under study from a broader view. 5. Christoph Lechner (2006) A Primer to Strategy Process Research. Cuvillier Verlag. This book is academically renowned. One of the chapters of the book discuss the strategies especially used by the upper echelon management in making decisions and the impact of various factors on the cognitive style and their final decision. Although most of the book is irrelevant to this study some part is a readily available source of information. 6. Cliff Bowman and Andrew Kakabadse (1997) Top management ownership of the strategy problem. Long Range Planning Journal, Volume: 30, Issue: 2, Elsevier Science Ltd. the writers belong to the Cranfield Centre for International Management Development, Cranfield University, UK. The paper discusses the involvement aspect of the upper echelon strategic decision making and also shed light on the impact of socioeconomic roots on it.

Rhetorical_analysis_assignment_description Essay

Rhetorical_analysis_assignment_description - Essay Example Benjamin states that the conflicting idea between works of art is an indication that art is thriving in the economy and he uses some persuasive strategy to make his points clear. The rhetorical elements used in Walter Benjamin’s analysis shall be established in this paper in terms of logos, ethos and pathos. Benjamin’s Appeal to Logos Walter Benjamin’s use of solid theoretical background, which paves the way for his forthcoming arguments, is a clear indication of how he appeals to logos. Benjamin did not just make points without giving concrete evidence to back these points and his ability to do this shows that he tried to persuade his readers through his use of logical reasoning that would induce some sort of cognitive response from readers. Thus, Walter Benjamin’s analysis is effective in the sense that it appeals to logic. Benjamin makes his hypothesis as clear as possible as he uses it as a basis to develop a solid theory on the subject matter and this shows the effectiveness in his writing. Benjamin’s appeal to logos is also clear from his explanation of the theoretical framework that his study is built around. The fact that Benjamin explained the reproducible nature of a work of art, how it is reproduced in a capitalistic society, and what the meaning of this whole process of reproducing a work of art in the beginning of his essay is a clear sign of how he appeals to logos in his writing. Benjamin’s ability to differentiate between the replicas of art works made by craftsmen and replicas made by mechanical reproduction and his use of these theoretical frameworks to form the basis of his argument shows his appeal to logos. Thus, Walter Benjamin’s analysis is effective in terms of its appeal to logic. Benjamin’s ability to draw from historical analogies gives his audience the required information they need and clears the way for him to develop his arguments and concepts on the subject matter. By this a ct of rhetorical induction, a logical infrastructure is laid down by the writer which would ultimately lead the readers into a new realm of thought. All the historical facts presented by him are established facts and the only thing that he has done to prove his point is to put them in their places as if unraveling a mystery. This further emphasizes the effectiveness of Benjamin’s analysis as it is logical in all ramifications. Benjamin’s Appeal to Ethos Walter Benjamin’s open-minded presentation shows the author’s credibility as he is unbiased in his presentation and this is one of the ways that his analysis appeals to ethos. Benjamin uses a language that is appropriate to the audience and the subject alike as he is careful enough not to use words that would be too complex for the audience to grasp their real meaning. This is an essential rhetorical element that Benjamin uses in his analysis and it would make the readers willing to read what Benjamin has to say. The difference in value that exists between the works of art and its mechanical reproduction is something that the readers are also aware of and this is actually one of the ways that Benjamin respected the values and ideas of his esteemed readers. Benjamin could

Remote sensing project Annotated Bibliography Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Remote sensing project - Annotated Bibliography Example ment and social acceptance of the American people; since an estimated 30000 drones will be expected to be across the US airspace by 2020 (Hiltner, 2013, p 398). Hiltner proposes the advantages and ease of execution of police roles with the integration of the UAss, as highlighted by their manufacturer and mandated by the constitution of the United States. Koppel’s â€Å"Warranting a warrant† discuses the use of the Fourth Amendment in enhancing privacy and the use of modern technological gadget that may intrude the essence of privacy without a warrant. He uses the concept of a search warrant to emphasize the application of the fourth Amendment in providing rights to protection against the violation of private property. The document provides relevance in the use of police drones as a violation of the Fourth Amendment. However, the action is significant in the provision of security in the US. In this case, Koppel concludes that the Fourth Amendment should be reconstructed in a manner that conserves general public interest as well as individual rights. Kyllo vs United States explores the use of legal approaches by law enforces in the aim of attaining peace and security. The use of a device that is not in public utility to conduct private search can be classified under violation of the Fourth Amendment. In this case the use of drones in surveillance activities by the police force can be viewed as an act of trespass which is against the rights of individual privacy. The fact that drones are not silent portrays violation of privacy as people tend to feel they are under surveillance when drones pass by their homes. Katina Michael, MG Michael discusses how modern technology has influenced the invasion of people’s privacy. The use of â€Å"embedded sensors on wearers† is one of the modern technology inventions which are aimed at acquiring information on a person’s nature. The article is relevant to the topic of discussion as it explains the pros and cons of privacy

Leadership Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Leadership - Assignment Example Under the umbrella of brand development, my company will provide solutions like designing the brand portfolio, naming the brand, creating the package design of the product and reconfiguring existing brands. Blue Angel Pvt. will provide solutions like designing all the customer touch points such as creating corporate and customer identity of the brand under the name of brand designing solution (Blue Marlin, 2013). Five force analysis of the graphic designing industry can be explained in the following manner. Type of Force Intensity of the force Characteristics of the Force Buyer Power Moderate Although the switching cost for customers is low but buyer power in the industry has reduced due to involvement of value billing system. Supplier Power Low Graphic designing companies have the option to choose supplier from plenty of available suppliers such as freelancers, trained graduates and experienced professionals. Substitutes Moderate Collected design from Asian countries and eco-design or individual designs. New Entrant Low Graphic designing is not a resource hungry industry, hence talents move from one company and start a venture without investing huge amount of capital. Competition High The industry is hypercompetitive due to presence of many players; competitors compete with each other on the basis of price and process of service delivery. (Source: Cooper, Evans and Williams, 2009) It is evident from the industry analysis, that a leader must have expert knowledge and skill regarding graphic designing in order to help the organization innovate and attract talents from the industry. By lending the conceptual framework of â€Å"expert power† used in the research work of Yukl (2010), it can be said that leaders must have the creative knowledge to attract subordinates and coordination capability to infuse teamwork among subordinates in order to help the company to move ahead in the jungle of graphic designing industry. Creation of Environment According to Han nigan (2008) and Mullins (2007), it is important for any organization to develop a culture of reward, learning, knowledge sharing and creativity in order to address challenges created by macro environment. I believe that a leader of a graphic designing firm has to be a curious person; by stating the term â€Å"curious† I want to mean that the leader must have the willingness to gather information and knowledge from both internal and external sources and use the gathered ideas in order to bring innovation in the graphic designing process. In such context, I need to make sure that all of my team members in Blue Angel Private Limited have the same enthusiasm and culture value to gather and share knowledge. When I am talking about knowledge sharing culture in the organization, then it is evident that the readers of this report are expecting that I will take help of learning organization concepts in order to validate my points. The fact is that, research scholars such as Solesvik and Encheva (2010) have pointed out that innovation culture in the organizational can be created by integrating the concepts of organizational learning. Although organizations can use either formal or informal culture but I believe that, Blue Angel Private Limited should use organic organizational structure and informal culture in order to create room for successful and innovative environment. Krackhardt and Hanson (1993, p. 104) have defined informal organizational

Analysis of Articles about the Effect of the Socioeconomic Roots Has Essay - 3

Analysis of Articles about the Effect of the Socioeconomic Roots Has on the Upper Echelon Management - Essay Example University of Michigan Business School, Working Paper. Although the article is old and is specific to a single function of procurement it is included because it provides the managerial decision making through a procurement perspective. 3. Carl Martin Allwood, Marcus Selart (2001) Decision Making: Social and Creative Dimensions. Springer. This book discusses in detail the decision making processes and the impact of various factors on decision making. It discusses the decision making at different management levels. 4. Charles R. Schwenk (1995) Strategic Decision Making. Journal of Management, Volume: 21, Issue: 3, SAGE. It is written by a graduate of Indiana University. The article discusses various aspects of decision making and discusses the impact of other factors as well on the upper echelon decision making other than just socioeconomic impacts. Therefore, the article looks at the topic under study from a broader view. 5. Christoph Lechner (2006) A Primer to Strategy Process Research. Cuvillier Verlag. This book is academically renowned. One of the chapters of the book discuss the strategies especially used by the upper echelon management in making decisions and the impact of various factors on the cognitive style and their final decision. Although most of the book is irrelevant to this study some part is a readily available source of information. 6. Cliff Bowman and Andrew Kakabadse (1997) Top management ownership of the strategy problem. Long Range Planning Journal, Volume: 30, Issue: 2, Elsevier Science Ltd. the writers belong to the Cranfield Centre for International Management Development, Cranfield University, UK. The paper discusses the involvement aspect of the upper echelon strategic decision making and also shed light on the impact of socioeconomic roots on it.

Digital Media Report on Management of Innovation Essay

Digital Media Report on Management of Innovation - Essay Example The company is co-owned by Amargi Investments and UK Safety Company with the former owning 90%, while the latter being in possession of the remaining share. The initial idea was first developed at the end of year 2002 by Leigh Dowie, while in Woodside’s LNG IV Project. Being an engineer and experiencing complications in keeping the workplace accident free, he saw it as an opportunity to improve on the existing safety systems. In 2003, research was started on the existing safety systems and the problems realized in the systems prompted the embracing of technology in new designs of the security systems. Leigh Dowie went on to design new safety systems, carrying out the planning excellently and executing IP strategy, which will be explained in details in the subsequent sections. In 2005, with the design ready, Dowie approached the authorities in order to be handed a license and did promotion on the first prototype that was released in the course of the year. Comprehensive prototy ping then followed in the year 2006 with the final design being achieved in the following year. Additionally, license negotiation was carried out in 2007. Lots of efforts were put into the design in 2008 and 2009 with Dowie achieving to establish a license, trial production being run and also validation testing being done and completed. In the year 2010 early commercials trials were done on the design and the design acquired standard certification in the same year. The systems were now ready for the market by 2011 and commenced first distributor sales with Exclusive Rights being cancelled the same year. In 2012 the company has now focused on raising the capital and initiating distributor networks and direct sales Establishing an environment for innovation IP Strategies IP is the abbreviation of Intellectual Property rights, which are the rights accorded to an inventor of a design by the government so as to avoid exploitation of the inventor and also avoid a situation in which someon e else would use the design without consent from the design owner1. There are different kinds of IP rights, which chiefly depend on the kind of property being granted the right of ownership. In cases where a new design is developed or an existing design modified a patent is given to the inventor to prevent his/her work from being used by others without the inventor benefitting2. The process of maturing and sustaining an efficient IP strategy is quite cumbersome, but is very necessary before a new product is taken to the market for sales. In order to mature an IP strategy the following steps are used as guidelines: study more on the IP strategies, find more about the freedom acquired when using IP strategies, approach relevant authorities and lastly develop an inclusive IP strategy and operation plan Leigh being so much aware of the risk his innovation faced developed a competitive IP strategy making a very smart move, which should be emulated by other innovators. He patented his des ign of the two independent spools joined by a locking mechanism hence put on clear line between his invention and those that preceded his design. New Zealand, Canada and Australia all granted him safeguard for his invention from parties, which could take advantage and use the design for personal interests. Managing organizational knowledge and innovation strategies Leign is very innovative and creative, which is evident in him coming up with a very good design of a safety system

Turning Disaster into Economic Development (Dark Tourism) Research Paper

Turning Disaster into Economic Development (Dark Tourism) - Research Paper Example To have such a memorial, there are psychosocial dynamics that have to be considered to balance its economic importance with its social significance to the people in the region. This way, the society will feel as being part of the project hence embrace it as their own. Establishing a Tsunami memorial center in Phuket has been marred with contention trying to balance the economic significance of such a move with the psychosocial aspects involved considering that the 2004 tsunami led to the loss of many lives in the region. This study is therefore aimed at addressing the dynamics involved in incepting the memorial center to know whether its economic significance will surpass the social aspects such as reminding the inhabitants of the tsunami that claimed so many lives from their midst. December 26, 2004 was marked by one of the biggest tsunamis to ever hit Phuket (Abby, 2009). According to geologists, this specific one was triggered by an undersea mega thrust Sumatra-Andaman earthquake. The exact values from the destruction were controversial though the number of the lives lost was speculated to be around 280 thousands with another fourteen thousand missing. The Tsunami mega waves reached thirty meters which was the highest value is ever recorded fo r in such a catastrophe. Among the countries hit by the Tsunami in Asia include Singapore, Bangladesh, Malaysia, India, Sri Lanka, and Thailand. In all of these countries, many people were reported to have lost their lives with many more being displaced or missing (Kirtz & Kehnemui, 2004). More than ten years after the Tsunami disaster, a Tsunami Memorial recreation center has been established in Thailand. The joint initiative which includes the local community who were directly affected by the disaster is a new attraction site with a wall engraved with the names of those people who died in the disaster bringing back the remorseful memories to