Interview with Medical Resident Eniola Prentice

This interview is the latest in an Accepted.com blog series featuring  interviews with medical school applicants and students, offering readers a behind-the-scenes look at  top medical schools and the med school application process. And now, introducing Eniola Prentice†¦ Accepted: First, can you tell us a little about yourself? Where are you from? Where and what did you study as an undergrad? And can you tell us about your book? Eniola: I am originally from Nigeria and moved to the States when I was 17. I went to the University of Illinois at Chicago. I hate answering the question about who I am. The answer usually depends on the time of the day and my mood. I do know a few things about my life. I am sure of the following. I know I am a child of God. I know I want God to use my life as He pleases to help others through my novel. I finished my novel still when I was in the fourth year of medical school. I started writing it in my third year of school. It was definitely one of the most challenging times of my life but I believe God brought out the best in me and connected me with people that are my lifelong friends. It is based on my experiences, friendships and connections in med school. I also used some of my own painful and joyful life experiences. I feel that writing still allowed me to be vulnerable. Its a lesson I am still learning, allowing myself to be open and let other young women learn from my experiences. Accepted: Where did you go to med school? What was your favorite thing about that school? And if you could change  one thing about the program, what would it be? Eniola: I went to Howard University in Washington DC. My favorite thing about Howard was the camaraderie and the family atmosphere. I truly had a group of friends that truly supported and loved one another. A lot of my book is based on my true life experiences with my groups of friends. We called ourselves the 210 group because we always studied in room 210. LOL. We still call ourselves that. I would probably change how struggling students were handled. Accepted: Where are you doing your residency? Eniola: I am doing my residency in INOVA Fairfax hospital in Virginia. Accepted: Why did you choose that program? Eniola: I choose it because of proximity and familiarity. Washington was just 45 minutes away and I had quite a support system nearby. I think that’s one thing that no one really gives you advice on when choosing a residency. Everyone wants to go to the most competitive program or the big name program but fails  to realize that residency is demanding. The days can get dark and very lonely. You want to at least enjoy the people you are working with or have a trusted group of friends/family to vent to. Accepted: Does your family still live in Nigeria? Do you plan on returning home once youve completed your studies? Eniola: Most of  my family is here. I don’t think returning to settle down is in my future. However you never know where God leads you. Accepted: How does religion play into your passion to be a physician? Eniola: It played a big part in my early years of deciding to study medicine. It took holding on to my faith in God and believing what He said rather than how my situation looked or what I felt or what everyone was telling. Everyone told me no but God  told me yes. I listened to God and I am where I am today. Now my Christian religion pushes me to be an excellent resident, and then physician. I always remember the word of God that says I should do my works to please God and not men. Accepted: What are your top 3 tips for residency applicants? Eniola: 1. Location, location, location. Until you apply you dont realize how big a factor this is. Then you realize that most of the big city programs have the most applicants and are most competitive. You should research any potential residency interview location keeping in mind that the location will be your home for the next few years  and potentially more if you choose fellowship. 2. Ask the residents currently in the program what life is really like. Email them. Notice everything. Does the residency program allow you to talk to a few select residents or you talked to all. Do the residents look genuinely happy? Observe, observe, observe. 3. Support system. Yes you are going to this big name program but will it be a place everyone puts you down instead of building you up? Do they put a spot light on your weakness. It gets very hard in residency and if you dont have that support system it makes a difficult situation unbearable. I think in medical school and with the competition of residency, you lose sight of the most important things. Find a residency that will encourage you to grow past your weakness and find a support group there. Pray for one. Its so important. For one-on-one guidance on your med school applications, please see our catalog of med school admissions services. You can follow Eniola’s residency adventure by checking out her blog, Eniola Prentice: Apprentice of God, Half baked Medical doctor, Aspiring Writer. Thank you Eniola for sharing your story with us! Do you want to be featured in Accepted.coms blog, Accepted Admissions Blog? If you want to share your med school journey with the world (or at least with our readers), email us at bloggers@accepted.com. Related Resources: †¢Ã‚  Residency Applications: How to Match †¢Ã‚  Your Residency Match Application: Start to Finish †¢Ã‚  An Inside Look at the Medical School Journey

Introduction to Essay Examples Are Essential

Introduction to Essay Examples Are EssentialIntroduction to Essay Examples are one of the most important steps you can take when trying to write an essay. The reason that people, regardless of their level of writing proficiency, seem to avoid this part of the process is because they fear failure. While it can be frustrating to write and rewrite your own essay, especially if you are a complete beginner, these exercises will help you learn how to do so. If you think that you can't write without reading, you'll find that you can write well with introduction to essay examples.It's easy to use introductory essays as examples in your own writing. These can be found online and at the library, in audio books and in student study guides. In fact, you could even try to teach yourself with the same methods.In order to teach yourself to write with an introduction to a lesson plan, you can start by taking the exercise one step at a time. You will want to get into the routine of reading and writin g about the subject you will be writing about. This could be anything from World War II to stock prices. The more comfortable you become with the material, the easier it will be to write.Each passage that you read in a book or listen to will need to be broken down into its separate parts. This is a good idea for both the text and essay. It also allows you to notice the structure of a story. You may discover that the structure helps you identify the character and plot and that the text allows you to develop a solid argument.Once you have read and listened to the passage, write a simple note taker or journal entry about it. You can use a pen and paper, a notepad or a special computer program. This keeps you aware of your progress. If you make a mistake or want to revise the passage, you can do so immediately.After reading and listening to the passage, it is time to write a review. Make a bibliography to accompany your essay. It is also useful to give this information to a friend, clas smate or instructor. Just remember to give him or her the same information you used for your review. If you teach yourself through these exercises, your efforts will have a better chance of success.Essay samples are especially helpful when you are trying to write your first essay. You will find that you can learn how to write better and more eloquently through the exercises. If you want to build confidence in your own writing, give yourself one of these practice exercises.

Technology Is The Fear Of Being Removed From Mobile...

Nomophobia is the fear of being removed from mobile contact. Just twenty years ago and mobile phones were obsolete. Now, we have a word for the fear of being separated from our phone. Nomophobia is important, not because of its meaning, but because of its existence. Technology has evolved exponentially, faster than anyone could have expected. Innovation has been at the forefront of society for the past thirty years. Innovation has been of utmost interest to all for the past thirty years. Technology conglomerates and the dot com bubble of 2000 hit the world by storm and has changed each and every one’s life. Apple, Twitter, Facebook, and many other companies that are now part of every day and minute of our lives were just small seedlings in the 1990s. After the 200’s the companies controlled our lives; one day without one of these companies nowadays and we would be devastated with problems. However, the dot com bubble also caused a major problem that no one could foresee . After the world experienced the robust growth in the early 2000’s, all things changed in 2008. Banks became too optimistic about the future and gave out mortgages and loans to anyone who wanted one. After all, with the booing economy, banks believed that consumers would be able to repay the loans without any analysis on the future. Once banks realized people could not pay back these loans, everything collapsed. Millions of people around the world lost their jobs. Many companies were forced to close dueShow MoreRelatedHow Communication Skills Can Help A Person s Personal, Professional And Social Life1688 Words   |  7 PagesIn order to move from where they are, to where they want to be, you will need to be able to use a range of communication skills. 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The need to advance in new technologies such as dental equipment, staff training, wages and insurance the costs have risen from 70% to 80%. The surgery wants to be recognized as offering a high level of dental service in opposed to being a standard provide. In this case study I will be exploring the criteria on what the best ways are to increase the perceived likability of a dental

Composing Topic Sentences Practice Exercises

Commonly appearing at (or near) the beginning of a paragraph, a topic sentence expresses the main idea of a paragraph. What usually follows a topic sentence are a number of supporting sentences that develop the main idea with specific details. This exercise offers practice in creating topic sentences that will attract the interest of your readers. Each passage below is lacking a topic sentence but contains a series of sentences with specific examples of a single character trait: patiencea frightful imaginationa love of reading Your job is to complete each paragraph by creating an imaginative topic sentence that both identifies the particular character trait and creates enough interest to keep us reading. The possibilities, of course, are limitless. Nonetheless, when youre done, you may want to compare the topic sentences you have created with the ones originally composed by the student authors. 1. Patience For example, recently I began taking my two-year-old dog to obedience school. After four weeks of lessons and practice, she has learned to follow only three commands--sit, stand, and lie down--and even those she often gets confused. Frustrating (and costly) as this is, I continue to work with her every day. After dog school, my grandmother and I sometimes go grocery shopping. Inching along those aisles, elbowed by hundreds of fellow customers, backtracking to pick up forgotten items, and standing in the endless line at the checkout, I could easily grow frustrated and cranky. But through years of trying times, I have learned to keep my temper in check. Finally, after putting away the groceries, I might go out to a movie with my fiance, to whom I have been engaged for three years. Layoffs, extra jobs, and problems at home have forced us to postpone our wedding date several times. Still, my patience has enabled me to cancel and reschedule our wedding plans again and again without fuss, fights, or tears. 2. A Frightful Imagination For instance, when I was in kindergarten, I dreamed that my sister killed people with a television antenna and disposed of their bodies in the woods across the street from my house. For three weeks after that dream, I stayed with my grandparents until they finally convinced me that my sister was harmless. Not long afterward, my grandfather died, and that sparked new fears. I was so terrified that his ghost would visit me that I put two brooms across the doorway of my bedroom at night. Fortunately, my little trick worked. He never came back. More recently, I was terribly frightened after staying up late one night to watch The Ring. I lay awake until dawn clutching my cell phone, ready to ring 911 the moment that spooky little girl stepped out of my TV. Just thinking about it now gives me goosebumps. 3. Love of Reading When I was a young girl, I would make a tent out of my blankets and read Nancy Drew mysteries late into the night. I still read cereal boxes at the breakfast table, newspapers while I am stopped at red lights, and gossip magazines while waiting in line at the supermarket. In fact, Im a very talented reader. For example, Ive mastered the art of talking on the phone while simultaneously reading Dean Koontz or Stephen King. But what I read doesnt matter all that much. In a pinch, Ill read junk mail, an old warranty, a furniture tag (DO NOT REMOVE UNDER PENALTY OF LAW), or even, if Im extremely desperate, a chapter or two in a textbook. Example Topic Sentences My life may be a box full of frustrations, but learning how to overcome them has given me the gift of patience.My family is convinced that I inherited my imagination from Edgar Allan Poe.I envy you terribly because at this very moment youre doing what I have always loved doing more than anything else: youre  reading.

Relationship Values Between Gender And Sexuality Essay

Relationship values between gender and sexuality Gender is known as the set of expectations and norms linked to how men and women, and boys and girls, should act. Sexuality which refers to the biological characteristics that define men and women. Relationship values are what you believe in and morals that you hold important to you so you can live your life to the fullest. Your values are based on what you have experienced through your life and what you have learned over the years. Gender and sexual identity intersect to shape relationship values. Women will place more significance on traditional relationship values which include love, faithfulness, and life long commitment unlike men. Sexual minorities will place less value in traditional relationship values, but they will convey more importance in nontraditional values such as interracial relationships. Gender and sexual identity will intersect because gender differences found among heterosexuals will not always hold the same among sexual minorities. There is a difference between gender and sexual identity in relationship values. Recent decades have brought significant changes that may influence young adults’ outlook about intimate relationships, including changes in gender presumptions, behaviors, and changes in sexual attitudes. This may include how relationships stay together based on their values or how they work. â€Å"The National Longitude Study of Adolescent Health†, compares men to women and sexual minorities toShow MoreRelatedThe Search For One’S Purpose And Identity In The World1421 Words   |  6 Pagesof people, such as race, gender, class, sexuality, etc.--exist to avoid social anxiety. The problem lies not just with the existence of stereotypes, but the seemingly blind consent to follow. To combat the invalid views of groups that today’s society use as a social crutch, authors, such as Gloria Naylor, Robert Max Johnson, Rosario Morales and others, attempt to expose the discrimination and stereotypes that target sexuality and gender. Sexuality and gender may appear as the same topic;Read MoreEssay on Our Understanding of Sexuality and Family Formation1213 Words   |  5 PagesOur Understanding of Sexuality and Family Formation The investigations in the determinants of gender and sexuality are ongoing; some are biologically orientated while others believe that they are socially constructed. This essay will discuss the idea that our understanding of sexuality and gender is linked to our understanding of family formations. It will highlight the diversities and the relationships of sexuality, gender and the family. It will also draw attentionRead MoreSex And Disability : An Open Minded Perspective From Individuals1313 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom individuals. In fact, the topic of sexual intercourse itself is seemingly discouraged. However, why is that the case? Our society has been conformed to hold such restricted societal values; such that in a way, the desire for sex is shunned upon and confronted with negativity. There is also the implication of gender roles that ties into this subject. However, the subject becomes much more complex when the matter of disability ties in. Often times, those with disabilities are almost â€Å"hidden away†Read MoreAn Individual’S Sexual Curiosity In And Enticement To Other1095 Words   |  5 Pagesto human sexuality. Different from sexuality, biological sex is classified through genetics, anatomy, hormones and physiology; female or male. An individual s intelligence of their own gender refers to gender identity or sociocultural classification, which is also set apart from sexuality; however, it is constructed on biological sex and shapes sexual orientation. Sexuality is practiced and displayed in several ways that include opinions, imaginations, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, behaviorsRead MoreThe Reality Of The Lgbtq Community1404 Words   |  6 Pageswide-reaching influence to generate new sets of values and ideals in audiences (Fedorak 2009). Originating in mainstream pop culture, discourses of gender and sexuality The Kids Are All Right and The Fosters support homonormative politics, which privileges some lesbian mothers as intelligible over others. At differing levels, the gender and motherhood ideals they contain ignore the diverse experiences of lesbian motherhood. They appear progressive at face value, even queer at times, yet, they ultimatelyRead MoreWomen s Gender And Gender Roles955 Words   |  4 PagesIn terms of the heterosexual majority, respectability applied deeply to women and their gender roles as wives, because it was the way to distinguish between good and oversexed women (Kushner 9/25/15). 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Popularity of Digital Media - 542 Words

With applications such as Vine rapidly gaining popularity and with Internet personalities such as Ray William Johnson, Roman Atwood, and Vitaly Zdorovetski having hundreds of millions of views on Youtube, it appears that society is obsessed with seeing short funny videos. As a consequence, investing in video equipment and focusing on coming up with ideas that the masses are likely to consider hilarious can be the next best thing. What is intriguing about this particular type of business is that it involves spending very little resources. Even with this, one requires ingenuity, a stage-ready personality, and the abilities required to interact with people in a funny way. Pop-artist Andy Warhol claimed that everyone is going to have their fifteen minutes of fame in the future and technology in the contemporary society provides individuals with the opportunity to exploit their fame. The best thing about the internet today is that there is a market for practically any idea and one just needs to know how to address that particular community in order for the respective person to be able to sell his or her products or services. The fact that there is a significant market for funny videos means that a person who is able to make the write clips would be likely to experience success. While Ray William Johnsons personality might be too much for some entrepreneurs who want to increase their finances through posting videos on the internet, making pranks is not as difficult as longShow MoreRelatedUsing Old Fashioned Ways And Technology1248 Words   |  5 Pagesthe current generation is accustomed to the technology that has been created throughout the years. While some people may still prefer to use old-fashioned ways and technology, there are many reasons that today’s society has popularized digital devices and social media. Every day there is more technology being created around us and most likely will become just as popular as what we know today. A lot of technology has come from personal gain but has influenced the world little by little. It was onceRead MoreMass Medi The Spread Of Digital Media Communication1701 Words   |  7 Pagesthe mass media likely to survive the spread of digital media communication? The purpose of this essay is to explore if mass media is likely to survive the spread of digital media communication. Firstly, this essay discusses the definition of mass media, as well as when and where it originated in order to gain a better background understanding. It then goes on to discuss the growing popularity of digital media and how mass media communication still prevails despite the new digital media. In the conclusionRead MoreFacebook : A Network Of Decline1032 Words   |  5 PagesBusinesses have not been left behind and have created pages to show their personality. Despite Facebook’s popularity, there are signs that it is slowly beginning to lose relevance with the population, especially with the youngest demographic. If Facebook cannot recapture the younger audience, they may never regain their prominent and important role. To really understand Facebook’s popularity, we have to look a bit at its history. Facebook started at Harvard to easily search for and find studentRead MoreCase Study : Usa Today And Hearst Publications Essay1327 Words   |  6 Pagesthe company is consistently struggling with gaining on their competitors when it comes to online subscribers. While print media is still going strong, digital media has heavily impacted sales. For a company whose slogan is â€Å"†¦delivering the world to the reader†, they will have no choice but to bring up their digital following in order to maintain their position as digital media takes over. 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Radio is standardizing the peoples of the Earth, English will become the universal language because it is predominantly the language of the ether. The most important aspect of radio is its sociological influence. Kennelly was foreseeing the potential power and impact that radio would soon come to have. By the late twenties, we wouldRead MoreBitcoin s Impact On The World1262 Words   |  6 Pageswill be examined and their creation and function will be discussed in this essay. Cryptocurrency is a word used to describe the various digital currencies that have come about in recent years including bitcoin and the various altcoins. 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Digital Capabilities, Technologies Innovations: (We can elaborate on all these) Internet Recording Software, websites Youtube Music Streaming Internet Radio itunes Apps (Spotify, Pandora) Blog Social Media Value Creation: (for business customers) There is no doubt that the landscape of the music industry has undergone a significant transformation since

Essay about P1 Define Personality and How It Affects...

P1 define personality and how it affects sports performance By Josh Haynes Personality Personality has been of interest to sport physiologists and researchers for a very long time, dating back to around the 1800s, the reason why it is of such is interest is because they want to find out how personality affects someone when they are doing sport as to what personality makes them better at specific sports compared to other people. But as it is hard to find a direct link from someone’s personality to the specific set of skills they have, there is very little evidence which shows what personality helps someone become good at a specific sport. Theories There are many theories that have been created to help try and explain how personality†¦show more content†¦The next part is your ego and super ego, for example when a footballer is chosen or asked to take a penalty for the team they may refuse do too not wanting to miss and letting the team down. The third theory is the Trait-centred views, this is where they believe that people have certain traits which determines how someone should behave. They believe there are two main parts to your personality and these are an introversion-extroversion dimension and a stable-neurotic dimension. Introverts are people that will prefer to do a task that is not exciting meaning that they would rather do a task that is focused on concentration. Extroverts are people that like excitement, they get bored easily and cant focus for too long and like to switch it up a bit. Stable people are people who are always easy going where as neurotic people are restless and anxious. The fourth theory is situational-centred views, this is different to most other personality theories, this is because they believe that behaviour depends on the situation and environment that you are in. For example someone outside of a sport may be shy but when playing a specific sport in a specific environment they may be loud and aggressive. The next theory is the interactional view, this is where you consider how specific situations and personality traits will link together. This is when situational factors are strong in sporting situations such as a penalty shoot-out, they can easily predict yourShow MoreRelatedMotivation and Personality2985 Words   |  12 PagesSports psychology Personality and Motivation. P1. Personality is the sum of those characteristics that make a person unique. Personality has been defined as an individuals characteristic patterns of thought, emotion, behaviour, together with the psychological mechanisms. Personality has many different characteristics that make an individual different to others these can be positive and negative for example being shy can be a negative effect on sport as you don’t give yourself enough motivationRead MoreDissertation on Teamwork and Customer Service Quality6624 Words   |  27 Pagesdevelopment of team members, achieve time reduction targets and get cross-boundary ownership of tasks and problems. Ronald (2004) argues that customer service depends on the expectations of the individual customer. However, all attempts to define customer service tend to focus on the relationships at the buyer/seller interface. He further added that to achieve the customer service levels expected, an organization need to ensure that for each of these two categories: the systems, measurementsRead MoreYamaha Motorcycles Is Innovation the Main Driver for Sustaining Competitive Advantage?21109 Words   |  85 Pagesof   when   and   how   often   to   receive   innovation.  Ã‚  Ã‚      †Ã‚  4  Ã¢â‚¬ Ã‚   2.0  INTRODUCTION   2.1.0  STUDY  CONTEXT  AND  PURPOSE  Ã‚   The   purpose   of   this   study   is   to   apply   existing   research   conducted   in   the   area   of   innovation   and   competitive   advantage   and   test   its   validity   by   applying   it   to   a   real   situation   with   a   company   and   its   consumers.      The   study   will   look   at   the   â€Å"superbike†Ã‚   segment   of   Yamaha   and   focus   on   the   Yamaha   R1,   a   popular   sports   bike   within  Read MoreQualitative Research and Celebrity Endorsement24767 Words   |  100 Pagesbeen seen in the Indian light despite the fact of it being perceived as a potential market for celebrity endorsed products. Indian consumer attitudes are changing at a rapid pace and they are becoming more aware of the products that they use to define their ‘self’. The research is carried out to obtain a view amongst Indian Consumers about celebrity endorsement. Is it as positive as it is assumed to be? Most advertisements, be it of any form, majorly focuses on the young generation therefore Read More_x000C_Introduction to Statistics and Data Analysis355457 Words   |  1422 PagesBasic Properties of Probability 295 6.4 Conditional Probability 302 6.5 Independence 313 6.6 Some General Probability Rules 323 6.7 Estimating Probabilities Empirically Using Simulation 335 Activity 6.1 Kisses 347 Activity 6.2 A Crisis for European Sports Fans? 347 Activity 6.3 The â€Å"Hot Hand† in Basketball 347 Graphing Calculator Explorations 351 7 Random Variables and Probability Distributions 7.1 Random Variables 358 357 7.2 Probability Distributions for Discrete Random Variables 361 7Read MoreImpact of Promotional Strategies on Consumer Buying Behaviors: a Case of Hollister Co18263 Words   |  74 Pagesmarketing briefly as promotion is the part of business strategy and marketing. 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Advertising is not an expensive but, rather, is a strategicRead MoreCost Accounting134556 Words   |  539 PagesContents Chapter 1 Cost Accounting: How Managers User Cost Accounting Information Chapter 15 Using Differential Analysis for Production Decisions Chapter 2 Cost Concepts and Behaviour Chapter 16 Managing Quality and Time Chapter 3 Cost System Design: An Overview Chapter 17 Planning and Budgeting Chapter 4 Job Costing Chapter 18 Flexible Budgeting and Performance Evaluation Chapter 5 Process Costing Chapter 19 Performance Evaluation: Cost Variances ChapterRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesmajor HR challenges currently facing organizations and managers. List and define each of the seven major categories of HR activities. Identify the three different roles of HR management. Discuss the three dimensions associated with HR management as a strategic business contributor. Explain why HR professionals and operating managers must view HR management as an interface. Discuss why ethical issues and professionalism affect HR management as a career field. ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  ââ€"  3 HR TRANSITIONS Read MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesto competitor analysis 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10 6.11 Learning objectives Introduction Against whom are we competing? Identifying and evaluating competitors’ strengths and weaknesses Evaluating competitive relationships and analysing how organizations compete Identifying competitors’ objectives Identifying competitors’ likely response profiles Competitor analysis and the development of strategy The competitive intelligence system The development of a competitive stance: the potential

The Principles Of Nursing Practice - 2187 Words

This essay will discuss the Principles of Nursing Practice with particular reference to Principle D. The professional, legal and ethical frameworks that guide Principle D will also be considered. The essay will relate this content to what I have read and experienced in practice. Firstly, it will give an overview of the Principles of Nursing Practice with a definition of Principle D. The essay will then explain how I witnessed Principle D being achieved in my nursing practice focussing on two patients, Mrs Kay and Patrick. To make sure I did not breach the NMC’s Code of Conduct (2015), I have used pseudonyms instead of using patients’ real names. I also informed Mrs Kay of this assignment and obtained consent to use her example in my essay. The Principles of Nursing Practice were issued by the Royal College of Nursing (RCN) in 2010, eight months following the first Francis Inquiry into poor quality care in the Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust. The principles identify and characterise the essential nursing behaviour and competencies which make safe and effective nursing care achievable. Eight Principles are prioritised. The Principles serve not only as a model for nurses to abide by in their daily practice but as a Charter for patients, their families and carers to help them judge the standard of care received. Similarly, in March 2015, the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) published a Code (updated from 2008 version) on the Professional and Personal Standards whichShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Nursing Practice2428 Words   |  10 Pagesof the Principles of Nursing Practice and I will relate this to my practice experience. It will focus on Principle of Nursing Practice A: Dignity, humanity and equality and I will demonstrate knowledge of the Principle of Nursing Practice in my essay and investigate the professional, legal and ethical frameworks that guide nursing practice and discuss and link what I have experienced in practice to my chosen Principle. I have taken into account; The code of professional standards of practice and behaviourRead MoreEthical Principles Of Nursing Practice974 Words   |  4 PagesWhen ethics in nursing in respect to decision making is looked upon, various key areas are taken into consideration. These key areas include the nursing values, the standards, subject ethical principles and finally the fundamental beliefs in nursing. When a reflection is made on the on the key mentioned areas, it is presumed that each of them is mainly aimed at protecting human dignity and restoring respect to patients (Bush 2007). Ethical values in nursing When looking at nursing values in regardRead MoreCritically Reflect on the Principles Care , How It Impact on Professional Practice?, Relating to Nursing Pratice.2671 Words   |  11 Pagesthis essay, I will define some terms and critically review key elements, principles and Holistic approaches in Palliative care in the process relate them to my practice as a generalist nurse in a hospital setting, its impact on palliative care, and finally discuss on findings and recommendations to my practices. Palliative care is one of the most sensitive specialists in nursing today. Hence the guidance published in nursing times [2012]recommends that trusts draws up a plan to raise awareness ofRead MoreLeadership And Management Theories, Principles And Best Practice Concepts Benefit My Nursing Leadership Development2400 Words   |  10 Pagestheories, principles and best practice concepts benefit my nursing leadership development. 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Possessing outstanding philosophical forces allows one to be respectful, well rounded and possess good character. Some examples of ways one has been respectful towards another person’s beliefs are discussed in the next paragraph

Abnormal Psychology Problem Excessive Use Of Marijuana And Alcohol Essay Example For Students

Abnormal Psychology Problem: Excessive Use Of Marijuana And Alcohol Essay Case StudyAbnormal PsychologyProblem Excessive use of marijuana and alcohol, especially within the last 2 years. Kurt began drinking and using marijuana at age 14 and by age 15 referred to theusage as heavy. Despite recently being caught for the theft of his parents TYME card and $400, which resulted in him being forced to join an AODA group, he stillcontinues to use on a regular basis. He has also gone to work while intoxicated and attended a school dance under the influence of marijuana. As a result he was fired from his job and had to undergo a urine screen in order to again be allowed back into his particular school. Regardless of these consequences, 17-year-old Kurt still uses. Background InformationDemographic: Male, age 17, white. Early life: The youngest son in a two parent family, one older brother, one deceased brother, and a younger sister. The oldest son was killed in a freak accident about six years ago. Kurt expresses that since the accident (which he doesnt remember) home life as been difficult. His mom has psychological and AODA issues and has been diagnosed with Munchausen syndrome. He had a good relationship with his father. Relationship with brother not very good. Current home life: Lives at home with both parents and younger sister in a single family house. Remaining older brother moved out, recently. Average middle-class neighborhood. Social life: Many friends with three to four being close. He enjoys being around people most of thetime. Education: Currently attends a parochial school, is on schedule for graduation. Hes in the 11th grade and getting passing grades (C-average). Employment: Currently working part-time after school and weekends. Previous job-he was fired for showing up intoxicated, however, has managed to keep a summertime job for the last two years. Military: N/AHealth: He rated current health as poor, stating bad lungs from previous bouts with pneumonia, and a bad back due to a 17% curvature of the spine causing muscle spasms in his lower back. Limitations: NoneMood: No history of depression or mania. Sleep: Occasional nightmares (2 to 3 times monthly). Appetite: No problems. Sexual function: N/AHistory of lost consciousness: Has passed out while drinking. Hospitalization: Twice for pneumonia. Medication: NoneAlcohol/drug use: Heavy use of marijuana and frequent useof alcohol. Has also experimented with narcotics which were stolen from his mother. Hallucinogens, including acid and shrooms. He is also a pack-a-day cigarette smoker. Observations and BehaviorsAttitude: Good rapport during interview, very cooperative,frank, and open. Appearance: Unremarkable. Motor: Posture slumped, seemed nervous, a little agitated,but held eye contact. Speech: Adequate and average. Language: Good vocabulary, normal. Attention: Adequate. Memory: Could not remember exact year his brother died. Otherwise, memory seemed fine, with accurate detail. Mood: No depression or mania. Has had occasional thoughts of suicide, but never attempted. In the past has had anger- management problem, and saw a therapist (after complaints by teachers) from 1987 to 1990. Affect: Appropriate and normal. Self-appraisal: Adequate. Insight: Consistent with abilities. Judgment: Adequate. Thoughts: Appropriate to content, no phobias, obsessions, etc. Perception: Normal. Attitude towards illness: Recognizes he has a problem, but doesnt see it as serious, therefore is not very motivated to fix, or work on the problem. DiagnosisAxis I: Substance abuse, particularly alcohol and cannabis, bordering on substance dependence. Axis II: N/AAxis III: Curvature of the spine. Axis IV: Mother with significant psychological problems combined with AODA issues due to death of oldest son. Axis V: 90Support for diagnosisSubstance abuse-Despite being caught numerous times for drinking and drug use, and suffering the resulting consequences, Kurt refuses to abstain from participating in these illegal activities. I initially thought that oppositional defiant disorder may be a more appropriate diagnosis, but the negative, defiant, and hostile aspects are not really present. Kurt seems defiant only in order to obtain the alcohol or drugs he wants. This attitude doesnt carry over into other aspects of his life. .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .postImageUrl , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:hover , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:visited , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:active { border:0!important; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:active , .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ufe0c7922871eb4d0fd5af1de0a56bb1a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Frito-Lays Dips EssayTreatmentI recommend continued AODA group therapy, but also think individual talk therapy would benefit. I feel that the substance abuse is a symptom of an underlying problem, probably the result of the stressors at home. He may alsobe experiencing some mild depression and suffer from low self-esteem. Psychology Essays

Organisational Behaviour and People Management-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Organisational Behaviour and People Management. Answer: Organizational behaviour is regarded as an area of discussion that is related to people management and effective team performance. Based on my perceptive on the subjects I have evaluated, I understood that achievement for organizational goals and aims can be derived through effective team building and performance of the organizational units. Through the evaluation of Belbins theory on team roles, I could comprehend that a successful and thriving team can only be made by forming a well-balanced team that would have an amalgamation of action oriented; people oriented as well as thought oriented roles. This theory have enlightened me with in understanding the immense impact of team building strategies of forming interconnected and organized teams which will be greatly effective for me in my professional decision making processes. After assessing the modules of organizational behaviour and management, there is no doubt that the subject is immensely interesting and has enhanced my profess ional knowledge for understanding my organization with a better outlook. Staff management plan module has improved my knowledge and expertise related to Human Resource management. However, I have always acknowledged the significance of staffing and effective recruitment strategy has been known to me. , but the way a productive employment strategy could facilitate an organization is highly appreciable and assists me to gain my insights of organizational communication. I can productively utilize the knowledge I have gained through the modules that companies must introduce professional growth and strategies in order to document the aims and desired expertise of an employee. An effective strategic plan has enlightened me to execute integrated behavioural pattern with employees so that I would be able to recognize the essential expertise and skills of my team members. However, these modules have not only improved my professional performance level, but have further help me in dealing with individuals with varied personalities at the work place.

Journal Of The Operational Research Society â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Journal Of The Operational Research Society? Answer: Introduction In the recent years, the importance of the supply chain in the performance of the business organizations has drastically increased. There are several reasons such as the economic globalization, technology development, growing consumer power and the global focus on the sustainability. The supply chain forecasting and its accuracy has become essential in increasing the performance of the supply chain. With the growing importance of the supply chain in increasing the performance of the supply chain, the interest of the researchers has also grown in this area. The present literature review will discuss the views pertinent to different authors who have discussed role of forecasting in enhancing supply chain performance, the importance of the forecasting accuracy, the impact of adopting structured quantitative and qualitative forecast techniques in forecast accuracy and finally review benefits and challenges associated with forecasting in manufacturing environment. Supply Chain The supply chain refers to the activities, processes and relationships which are present in the manufacturing process and includes the material sourcing, product manufacturing and storing through the process of logistics and manufacturing, and finally delivering the manufactured products to the end consumer. In the manufacturing process, the supply chain is not a linear set of activities; however, it comprises a complex set of processes, activities or relationships which are essential in the manufacturing process (Rai, PAtnayakuni Seth, 2006). Forecasting The forecasting is an act which predicts the business activities of the demand of a particular commodity in the near future. The prediction is conducted based in the information available at the present time. The supply chain is dependent on relationships which are developed during the manufacturing of a specific product or service. The forecasting process works as a guidance for the future business activities (Hyndman Athanaspopolos, 2014). The forecasting can be conducted by analyzing the previous years or the historic data. It is called quantitative method of forecasting as it uses the previous year data or statistics to predict the changes in future. Other than that, there are qualitative methods of forecasting too in which the experts use their knowledge to predict the future trends. In order to attain accurate forecasting, a combination of both the methods will be used. It can be used to plan the activities and establishing a link between the upstream and the downstream activi ties. Role of forecasting in Enhancing Supply Chain Performance In the perspective of Gunasekaran, Patel, McGaughey (2004), forecasting and the product development lifecycle are important part of the supply chain. Forecasting is the method of meeting the customers needs and demands in a timely fashion which impacts the supply chain performance measures as they are all linked to the perceived customer value of the product. Rotemberg Saloner (1989) have discussed that the forecasting methods warrant that that there is constant monitoring by the management and there is improvement in the performance measures. Accurate forecasting prediction requires that there are cross-functional teams, rapid prototyping and engineering approaches. According to the Hsu Chen (2003), there are several alternative methods which are used in the forecasting process; however, to maintain the forecasting accuracy feedback of the previous activities must be used to modify the forecasting instrument. Gunasekaran, Patel McGaughey, (2004) has stated that the accuracy of t he forecasting methods can be improved by benchmarking them with the other methods. Other than that, by integrating different production schedules, an organization can increase the demand forecasting for different links in the supply chain. In the perspective of Taylor (2003) is also important to increase the accuracy of the supply chain forecast as the accuracy is directly linked with the performance of the supply chain. In the views of Chen, Drezner, Ryan Simchi-Levi, (2000) forecasting methods can also remove the uncertainties in the supply chain. The benchmarking technique integration with other forecasting methods can give a better understanding and accuracy. According to McCarthy and Golicic (2001), strategic competitive advantage can be gained by the business organizations if the forecasting techniques are integrated with the supply chain performance. According to Taylor Buizza (2003); it is important to create collaborative relationships with the trade partners and other tiers in the supply chain to improve the forecast accuracy. According to Lee, Padmanabhan Whang, (1997), forecasting is a pivotal business function which can improve the performance of the organization by disrupting the activities related to planning, order and replenishing of the products. The collaborative forecasting has the potential to increase the performance of the firms. The literature of Lockamy McCormack (2004) has discussed the importance of collaborative forecasting by integrating customers planning into the manufacturing process and developing supply chain metrics to increase the supply chain performance. Cachon Lariviere (2001) has highlighted the importance of a tool named, CPRF in the forecasting method. It combines forecasting and collaboration between different members of the supply chain. CPRF (Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment) enhances the performance of supply chain by supporting and assisting joint practices between different sections of supply chain. In the views of Aburto Weber (2007) forecasting tools can increase the efficiency, increase the sales, reduce the assets, working capital and decrease the inventory associated with the supply chain. However, Cachon Fisher (2000) have stated that this forecasting method demands reliance with other supply chain partners and requires timely and detailed information with the trading partners. In the views of Lee Billington (1992) forecasting tools can improve the performance of the supply chain; however, it requires substantial investment in human and technological resources. Recently, the alternative approaches can increase the responsiveness and product availability of assurance of the organization. It has been discussed by Devaraj, Krajewaki, Wei (2007) that in the forecasting procedure, several different processes are required. The companies must audit their internal forecasting process before collaborating with different trading partners and better to work jointly on demands planning. Bacchetti Saccani (2012) have discussed that there are four components of the trading partners, such as management, systems, techniques and the performance measurement. In the forecasting process, the involvement of the senior management is important. The training is important in boundary-spanning personnel forecasting. In the forecasting process, the market intelligence is obtained. Stadtler (2005) have discussed market intelligence is obtained from different sources, primary of which are the salesperson, purchasing managers and the buyers. In the perception of Makridakis Wheelwright (1977) marketing mix activities and the perception of the customers, suppliers are important to understand th e shaping of demand in the near future. The information sharing between the trading partners can reduce the demand and supply uncertainty in the future. The forecasting gives information regarding the future demand, supply or the price of the manufactured products. Therefore, it is essential in the management of the supply chain. Forecasting Accuracy In the perception of Fildes, Goodwin, Lawrence and Nikolopoulos (2009), forecasting accuracy is very important in the planning process of supply-chain companies. In the supply chain companies, the forecasting demand involves the computerized forecasting system which can produce initial forecast and these forecasts can adjust the demand planning of the company. It increases the accuracy of the forecasting system. The accuracy of the statistical forecasting system can be enhanced when the experts adjust the forecast according to their judgment and takes into consideration special events and changes in the statistical model. Stadtler (2005) have discussed the judgmental adjustments can improve the accuracy of the forecast in the manufacturing firms; however, it may introduce the bias in the forecasting. In the views of Nenni, Giustiniano Pirolo, (2013) forecasters make unnecessary adjustments in the absence of reliable information which may hinders the accuracy of the forecast. In the views of Acar, Yavuz, Gardner (2012) forecast adjustments made by the experts can yield better results. The large judgmental adjustments in improving the accuracy of the forecast. Ali, Mohammad Boylan, John (2010) have discussed that there are several reasons for the efficacy of the large adjustments such as large adjustments are applied when there is reliable information. In the perception of Aviv (2001) small adjustments are usually less effective as the information on which these adjustments are carried is considered as unreliable. According to Baumann (2010/2011), human decision making is as such that they ignore the good advice and the computer mediated advice and have excessive trust on their personal judgment. Boylan (2010) has discussed that the many times, the users make adjustments to the predictions which decreases the accuracy of the forecasting. In the perception of Cachon Lairiviere, (2001) forecasting accuracy is important in the supply chain management and other organizational functions such as scheduling, resource planning and the marketing depends on the accuracy of the organization forecast. According to Chen Wolfe (2011), the forecast accuracy is an important part in the delivery of the supply chain. Datta Christopher (2011) have discussed that the forecasting tools must capture the hard data as well as the judgmental data to achieve accurate results. It is important to maintain accuracy in the forecasting predictions as the organization will have to make orders to the suppliers or manufacture the products according to the results of the forecasts. Adoption of Structured Quantitative or Qualitative Forecast Techniques in forecast Accuracy In the perception of Derrouiche, Neubert, Bouras (2008) quantitative forecasting methods are widely adopted to support the companys operations in the supply chain activities. According to Durango-Cohen Yano (2011), there are several techniques used for the quantitative forecasting such as trend analysis, seasonal adjustments, decomposition, graphical methods, econometric modelling and life cycle modeling. Ebrahim-Khanjari, Hopp Iravani, (2012) have discussed that the trend analysis is the method of forecasting the data when there is definite upward or downward pattern for the forecast. In the perception of Ellinger, Shin, Northington Adams, (2012), uses several models for the forecasting such as exponential smoothing, regression and the triple smoothing. According to Fildes Kingsman (2011), seasonal adjustment refers to the model in which the variation in demand in different seasons can be identified. The adjustments are made in the baseline forecast so that the impact of the se asonal demand can be identified. Fildes Goodwin (2007) have discussed that the decomposition in another method of forecasting in which the data is separated into three different sections, namely, trend, seasonal and the cyclic data. Fildes, Goodwin, Lawrence Nikolopoulos (2009) have stated trend refers to the horizontal upward or downward movement with time. According to Fildes Hastings, (1994), trend can be a recurring demand pattern with some or no repetition. The random is another set of data which comprises of the data in which no pattern can be identified. Fildes, Goodwin Lawrence (2006) have stated that forecast method can project the patterns and can combine them to generate some relevant information. Forslund Jonsson (2007) that the quantitative forecasting method can be used to represent an objective picture of the actual sales. The quantitative forecasting relies on the statistics and the sales or the demand patterns in the previous years. Franses Legerstee (2011) ha ve stated that the quantitative forecasting methods helps the business managers to focus on the recent data and the company can spot trends which provide accurate sales and market forecast. In the perception of Ho Ireland (2012), there are several benefits of employing quantitative forecast methods in the sales or the demand forecast. Huang, Hsieh Farn (2011) have discussed that it can also temper unwanted enthusiasm or falsified numbers provided by the employees. It can show the realistic numbers and establish a reality check for the organization. It can also be used to generate or find patterns for making more accurate projections with the help of number. In the perception of Jonsson Gustavsson (2008) quantitative forecasting methods are also beneficial in attracting external stakeholders within the organization. The external stakeholders rely on accurate numbers more than the enthusiasm of the people. The potential investors will also feel comfortable with the forecast process . According to Klatch (2007), qualitative forecasting methods is another reliable method of forecasting for the demand and the sales. The qualitative forecasting methods are based on the judgment and the opinion of the managers and the executives of the business organizations. There are several methods which are used in qualitative forecasting methods, namely, executive opinion, Delphi technique, Sales force polling and the consume surveys. Lau, Ho, Zhao, (2013) have discussed that the choice of the forecasting impacts on the product life cycle and the decision-making of the organization. LeBlanc, Hill, Harder Greenwell (2009) have stated quantitative models are only applicable if there is little to no systematic change in the environment. When the patterns or relationships between different factors change, there is little to no systematic change in the environment. Liao Chang (2010) have stated that the objective models are of little use if there is a changing relationship between different entities. However, the qualitative approach can be applied in these cases. The qualitative approach is the approach which is based on the human judgment. According to Mishra, Raghunathan Yue (2009), the judgmental forecasting base the forecasting on the existing trends and they are also possess a number of shortcomings. However, the advantage of these forecasting methods is that they can identify the systematic changes more quickly and can interpret the impact of these changes in a better manner. Morlidge (2014) has discussed that judgmental forecasting tools are useful in shor t-term forecasting methods and can supplement or support the projections which is established with any of the quantitative method. According to Nikolopoulos Fildes (2013) executive opinions refers to the forecasting approach in which the executives from sales, production, finance or administration can generate an accurate forecast about the future sales. The qualitative forecasting method can is feasible when there is lack of feasible historic data (Require rephrasing). In the perception of Olhager (2013), the Delphi method is a structured communication technique which establishes a forecasting method involving interaction between different forecasting approaches and relying on a panel of experts. The Delphi method is dependent on the principle that forecasting from a structured group of individuals is more efficient than forecasting from unstructured group. It can be summarized that a combination of both qualitative and quantitative forecasting methods can be used to enhance the accuracy of the forecasting. Both of the methods are complementary and can be used in combination to enhance the accuracy of the forecasting process. Benefits and challenges associated with Forecasting in Manufacturing Environment Oliva Watson, (2009) have discussed that there are several benefits of forecasting in the supply chain of manufacturing organizations. In the forecasting process in the manufacturing companies, there are three types of forecasting, namely, demand forecasting, supply forecasting and the price forecasting. Parks (2012), the demand forecasting, the companies search investigate the demand of an object by the industry and the end users. In the supply forecasting, the companies collects the data about the current producers and the suppliers. In the perception of Ali, Mohammad Boylan, John (2010), the supply demands are evaluated according to the technological and the political trends which might affect the supply of the organization. The manufacturing companies manufacture a product which is sold to the end users. Therefore, determining the price of the manufactured products is also essential. In the perspective of Aviv (2001), price forecast should provide a prediction of the short and the long term prices of the products. There are several benefits of the forecasting in the manufacturing industries such as increase in the customer satisfaction, reducing the stock-out in the inventories and scheduling the production of the organization in a better and productive manner. It has been discussed in the literature of Baumann (2010/2011) the manufacturing industries, it is important to keep the customers satisfied, it is important to provide them, the product or the services that they want. The forecasting in the business helps in the prediction of demand so that the customer demands can be fulfilled in the shortest lead time. Another benefit of the demand forecasting is reduction in the inventory stock-out. It has been discussed by Cachon Lairiviere (2001) manufacturing organizations, the companies work with different suppliers and have a long lead time. If a business organiz ation is buying from the companies with the longer lead time, then demand forecast is important so that the suppliers can arrange raw materials for the manufacturing process. It also reduces the requirement of the safety stocks in the inventory. Chen Wolfe (2011) have discussed that good forecasting process can lead to proper inventory arrangements and links. It identifies the production requests in the future. It is also important in the new product launch and examining the seasonal variations in the demand. Similarly, there are certain challenges in the demand forecasting process of an organization. In the perspective of Berbain, Bourbannais Vallin (2011), in the present times, there has been a significant change in the consumer behavior as they are looking for diversity in the consuming process as well as they want the consumer products which set them apart from the public. As a result, certain products have a very short product life cycle which led to increasing difficulty in sales forecasting within manufacturing organizations. Datta Christopher (2011) have stated that due to lack of available history makes it difficult to implement the classical sales forecasting methods for the analysis of the previous data. In the present times, it is also important for the organization to increase the safety stocks so that unexpected variations in demand can be compensated. The classical methods of demand forecasting are unable to yield results as they are dependent on the time series analysis. As per the discussion of LeBlanc, Hill, Harder, Greenwell (2009), production decisions are based on the demand forecast of the organization. There is always a lead time or time gap between the earlier forecast and the final receipt of the order. The manufacturers have to start the production as soon as the demand forecast is received. The decision regarding when to start production and how to produce is dependent upon the forecast accuracy and the production cost. The production in the manufacturing organizations is dependent upon the initial forecast which has high uncertainty and low accuracy. Mishra Raghunathan Yue (2009) have discussed that although the accuracy in these decisions is less, these decisions have a long lead time which can assist the companies in taking advantage of cheap material cost, labor cost and can result in overproduction. LeBlanc, Hill, Harder Greenwell (2009) have stated that the production done at the later state is backed by strong forecast, but due t o the short lead time it demands high cost to obtain raw materials and the products should be manufactured at a tight capacity and schedule. An ideal situation is one in which there is early forecast with high level of accuracy. 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